Table 3.

List of transgenic plants encoding PA biosynthetic genes exhibiting high heavy metal tolerance.

PA gene	Host plant/organism	Transgenic plant	Targeted metals (tolerance)	Reference
SPDS 1	Apple	European Pear	Cd, Zn, and Pb	Wen et al. [56]
SPDS 1	Apple	European Pear	Cu stress	Wen et al. [104]
SPDS 1	Apple	European Pear	Cd stress	Wen et al. [105]
ADC gene	Agrobacterium	Eggplant	Cd stress	Prabhavathi and Rajam [106]
SPDS 1	Apple	European Pear	Al stress	Wen et al. [107]
ALD		Arabidopsis	Cd and Cu stress	Sunkar et al. [108]