Figure 3.

Validation of differentially expressed genes from RNA sequencing by RT-qPCR. Graph showing fold change of genes in a leaf of CBCVd infected HLVd infected, and HLVd-CBCVd coinfected hop. MYB: MYB transcription factor, GSR: Golgi snap receptor complex, GPE: Glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase, ST: Bidirectional sugar transport, SERK: Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1, CHI4: Chitinase 4, PR1: Pathogenesis-related protein 1, CEL: Cellulase, BC: Blue copper protein, TRX: Thioredoxin h-type-like. qRT-PCR analyses were normalized using DRH1 (DEAD-box ATPase-RNA-helicase) as an internal control gene. The fold change of each gene was calculated by the 2^−ΔΔCT method. The vertical bars indicate standard deviation.