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. 2019 Jul 2;20(13):3254. doi: 10.3390/ijms20133254

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Up- and down-regulated genes in DLD-1 cells summarizing the possible mode of cell death induced by ZnPcSmix-PDT. Red arrows show either up- or down-regulated genes. Up-regulated death receptor 6 (DR6) may signal mitochondrial-induced cell death or induction of inflammation. Rupturing of lysosomes releases acidic lysosomal contents such as cathepsins, consequently followed by activation of NAIP. NAIP and PYCARD play a role in preceding inflammatory actions via NFkB-1 activation. However, since NFkB1 was up-regulated, and MCL1, BCL2L2 and BCL2L10 were down-regulated, evasion of apoptosis was unsuccessful thus leading to DNA damage and apoptosis.