Table 2.
Clinical trials evaluating the anti-cancer effect of QUE.
| Clinical Study Title | Description | Dose, Via and Frequency of Administration | Benefits | Limitations | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulindac and plant compounds in preventing colon cancer | Study the effectiveness of QUE among other compounds in preventing colon cancer. Estimated enrollment: Not specified Allocation: Randomized Primary Purpose: Prevention |
Orally administered. 1 of 3 doses twice daily. For 6–10 weeks. |
Determination of the lowest effective dose of QUE in modulating biomarkers of colon epithelial cell turnover, as an indication of colon cancer prevention. | No results published, although study completion date was 2006. | [113] |
| Pilot study evaluating broccoli sprouts in advanced pancreatic cancer | Administration of freeze-dried broccoli sprouts rich in QUE and sulforaphane in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Estimated enrollment: 40 participants Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel assignment |
Orally administered. Capsules with broccoli sprout grain (90 mg sulforaphane daily + QUE-dose not specified). For 12 months. |
Evaluation of cancer progress or regress in supplementation with capsules rich in QUE. | This study only declared sulforaphane concentration, but QUE content in the sprout was not specified. No results published, although study completion date was 2015. |
[114] |
| Dietary Intervention in follicular lymphoma (Phase 2) | Assessment of the ability of grape juice (rich in QUE), among several dietary factors, to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and modulate tumor cell infiltrate in vivo. Estimated enrollment: 45 participants Allocation: Non-Randomized Intervention Model: Single group assignment |
Orally administered. Merlot grape juice 100%, 660 mL /495 mL every second day. For 16 weeks. |
Determination of apoptosis of tumor cells as parameter of intervention efficacy. | The QUE content of the juice is unknown. The study completion date was 2009, however no results have been published yet. |
[115] |
| Prostate cancer prevention with QUE and genistein | Evaluation of the effect of QUE or genistein supplementation, in comparison with placebo, against a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) increase. Estimated enrollment: 60 participants Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Crossover assignment |
Orally administered. 500 mg QUE + vitamin C + folic acid + vitamin B3 daily. For 6 months. |
Determination of QUE effect in PSA levels | This study evaluated a QUE supplement combined with other compounds that could act synergically or impact negatively over QUE effect, inducing side effects. | [116] |
| Effect of QUE on green tea polyphenol uptake in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer undergoing surgery (Phase 1) | Evaluation of the ability of QUE to enhance the uptake of green tea polyphenols in the prostate tissue of men taking green tea extract and undergoing radical prostatectomy. Evaluation of side effects of QUE in combination with green tea. Estimated enrollment: 31 participants Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel assignment Primary Purpose: Prevention |
Orally administered. Green tea polyphenol + QUE twice daily. For 3–6 weeks (before undergoing prostatectomy). |
Determination of epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and QUE concentration, and their methylated metabolites in prostate tissue and plasma. Determination of the extract and QUE on reducing the enzyme activity and protein and gene expression of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), deoxyribonucleic methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and multidrug resistance transport protein 1 (MRP1) in prostate tissue. |
The concentration of the extract and QUE used is not indicated. | [123] |
| Quercetin chemoprevention for squamous cell carcinoma in patients with fanconi anemia (FA) (Phase 2) | Efficacy of QUE in reducing buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Estimated enrollment: 55 participants Intervention Model: Single group assignment Primary Purpose: Prevention |
Orally administered. Twice daily at an adjusted dose based on weight for a maximum total daily dose of 4000 mg/day. For 24 months |
Evaluation of the efficacy of QUE in reducing buccal micronuclei and the need for potentially lethal treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. | The primary outcome of this study is the reduction of buccal micronuclei in 45 post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients with FA. This is compared to only 10 patients FA patients without a history of HCT. | [124] |