Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics by gender and frailty status (n = 298).
| Characteristics | Total (n = 298) |
Men (n = 184) | Women (n = 114) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust (n = 74) |
Prefrail (n = 89) |
Frail (n = 21) |
p | Robust (n = 28) |
Prefrail (n = 54) |
Frail (n = 32) |
p | ||
|
n (%) or M (SD) |
n (%) or M (SD) |
n (%) or M (SD) |
n (%) or M (SD) |
n (%) or M (SD) |
n (%) or M (SD) |
n (%) or M (SD) |
|||
| Age (years) * | 72.11 (7.51) | 69.47 (7.22) | 71.78 (7.33) † | 74.05 (6.57) †‡ | 0.019 | 71.00 (7.56) | 73.65 (6.93) | 76.28 (7.93) † | 0.024 |
| 60–69 | 119 (39.9) | 42 (56.8) | 35 (39.3) | 4 (19.0) | 0.016 | 15 (53.6) | 16 (29.6) | 7 (21.9) | 0.037 |
| 70–79 | 122 (40.9) | 25 (33.8) | 38 (42.5) | 12 (57.1) | 6 (21.4) | 27 (50.0) | 14 (43.8) | ||
| ≥80 | 57 (19.1) | 7 (9.5) | 16 (18.0) | 5 (23.8) | 7 (25.0) | 11 (20.4) | 11 (25.4) | ||
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Below middle school | 169 (56.7) | 30 (40.5) | 35 (39.3) | 15 (71.4) | 0.023 | 19 (67.9) | 43 (79.6) | 27 (84.4) | 0.283 |
| Above high school | 129 (43.3) | 44 (59.5) | 54 (60.7) | 6 (28.6) | 9 (32.1) | 11 (20.4) | 5 (15.6) | ||
| Family type | |||||||||
| Live alone | 57 (19.1) | 6 (8.1) | 12 (13.5) | 5 (23.8) | 0.147 | 5 (17.9) | 14 (25.9) | 15 (46.9) | 0.034 |
| Live with family | 241 (80.9) | 68 (91.9) | 77 (86.5) | 16 (76.2) | 23 (82.1) | 40 (74.1) | 17 (53.1) | ||
| Job (yes) * | 72 (24.2) | 30 (40.5) | 22 (24.7) | 4 (19.0) | 0.047 | 5 (17.9) | 10 (18.5) | 1 (3.1) | 0.086 |
| Monthly income (KRW) | |||||||||
| <1,000,000 | 136 (45.6) | 19 (25.7) | 44 (49.4) | 15 (71.4) | < 0.001 | 7 (25.0) | 27 (50.0) | 24 (75.0) | 0.001 |
| ≥1,000,000 | 162 (54.4) | 55 (74.3) | 45 (50.6) | 6 (28.6) | 21 (75.0) | 27 (50.0) | 8 (25.0) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) ** | 24.38 (2.94) | 24.37 (2.31) | 24.53 (2.79) | 23.37 (4.08) | 0.232 | 24.14 (3.38) | 24.62 (3.17) | 24.47 (3.03) | 0.811 |
| Underweight (< 20) | 18 (6.0) | 3 (4.1) | 3 (3.5) | 3 (15.8) | 0.132 | 2 (7.7) | 4 (7.8) | 3 (9.7) | 0.990 |
| Normal (20–25) | 166 (55.7) | 45 (60.8) | 50 (58.1) | 13 (68.4) | 15 (57.7) | 27 (52.9) | 16 (51.6) | ||
| Overweight (> 25) | 103 (34.6) | 26 (35.1) | 33 (38.4) | 3 (15.8) | 9 (34.6) | 20 (39.2) | 12 (38.7) | ||
All the data were included in Table 1; * Fisher’s exact test, ** summation of percentage is not equal to 100% because of missing data, † significance compared to robust, ‡ significance compared to prefrail; p < 0.05; BMI, body mass index.