| CPS-1 | carbamyl phosphate synthetase-1 |
| CPT-1 | carnitine acyl transferase-1 |
| CREB | cAMP response element-binding |
| FBPase2 | Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase |
| FFA | Free fatty acid |
| Gcgr−/− | Glucagon receptor knockout |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| GLP-2 | Glucagon-like peptide-2 |
| GIP | Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide |
| GRA | Glucagon receptor antagonist |
| HCD | High carbohydrate diet |
| HSL | Hormone sensitive lipase |
| IRA | Insulin receptor antagonist |
| LCD | Low carbohydrate diet |
| LDL | Low density lipoprotein |
| NAFLD | Non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NAG | N-acetyl glutamate |
| NAGS | N-acetyl glutamate synthetase |
| PEPCK | Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase |
| PFK-2 | Phospho-fructokinase 2 |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| TG | Triglyceride |
| VLDL | Very-low density lipoprotein |