BER	base excision repair
AP	an abasic site
APEX1	AP endonuclease 1
dRP	5′ deoxyribose phosphate moiety
Pol β	DNA polymerase beta
UNG	uracil–DNA glycosylase
TDG	thymine–DNA glycosylase
SMUG1	single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1
MBD4	methyl-binding domain-containing protein 4
NTHL1	endonuclease III-like protein
OGG1	8-oxoguanine–DNA glycosylase
MUTYH	MutY homolog
MPG	methylpurine–DNA glycosylase
NEIL1, NEIL2, NEIL3	endonuclease VIII-like proteins
PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
RPA	replication protein A
MTS	mitochondrial targeting sequence
NLS	nuclear localization signal
MMS	methyl methanesulfonate