Table 3.
Meta-regression results for univariate and multiple (adjusted effect) models assessing the effect of PCOS on gestational diabetes in different trimester of pregnancy
| Trimester 1 (n = 6) | Trimester 2 (n = 82) | Trimester 3 (n = 8) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI for β) | P value | β (95% CI for β) | P value | β (95% CI for β) | P value | |
| Unadjusted model 1 | ||||||
| Effect PCOS | –a | 0.097 (0.04, 0.16) | 0.002 | 0.09 (− 0.08, 0.26) | 0.234 | |
| Adjusted Models | ||||||
| Model 2 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | 0.016 (− 0.05, 0.09) | 0.522 | − 0.007 (− 0.02, 0.002) | 0.127 | 0.03 (− 0.03, 0.09) | 0.359 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.10 (0.05, 0.2) | 0.001 | − 0.02 (− 0.4, 0.3) | 0.887 | |
| Model 3 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | 0.017 (− 0.056, 0.09) | 0.522 | − 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.004) | 0.242 | 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.1) | 0.413 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.10 (0.04, 0.2) | 0.002 | − 0.02 (− 0.5, 0.5) | 0.887 | |
| Effect of age | − 0.04 (− 0.29, 0.21) | 0.650 | − 0.003 (− 0.02, 0.01) | 0.621 | 0.01 (− 0.2, 0.1) | 0.413 |
| Model 4 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | 0.022 (− 0.11, 0.16) | 0.548 | − 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.006) | 0.344 | 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.2) | 0.450 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.08 (0.04, 0.2) | 0.624 | − 0.04 (− 0.7, 0.6) | 0.852 | |
| Effect of age | − 0.072 (− 0.65, 0.50) | 0.647 | − 0.003 (− 0.02, 0.01) | 0.624 | − 0.02 (− 0.4, 0.3) | 0.862 |
| Effect of metformin therapy | − 0.023 (− 0.38, 0.33) | 0.803 | − 0.0001 (− 0.05, 0.05) | 0.997 | − 0.05 (− 0.4, 0.3) | 0.680 |
| Model 5 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | 0.005 (− 0.1, 0.1) | 0.854 | − 0.004 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.425 | 0.03 (− 0.03, 0.08) | 0.253 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.10 (0.05, 0.2) | 0.001 | − 0.01 (− 0.2, 2) | 0.840 | |
| Effect of age | 0.04 (− 0.4, 0.5) | 0.740 | − 0.001 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.771 | − 0.1 (− 0.3, 0.06) | 0.134 |
| Effect of study design | − 0.04 (− 0.2, 0.1) | 0.396 | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.004 | 0.1 (− 0.02, 0.2) | 0.073 |
| Model 6 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | 0.04 (− 0.1, 0.2) | 0.334 | − 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.004) | 0.259 | 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.1) | 0.403 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.10 (0.02, 0.2) | 0.011 | –a | ||
| Effect of age | − 0.1 (− 0.6, 0.3) | 0.380 | − 0.004 (− 0.02, 0.01) | 0.519 | − 0.10 (− 0.1, 0.2) | 0.761 |
| Effect of PCOS definition | 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.8) | 0.396 | − 0.04 (− 0.1, 0.03) | 0.267 | 0.4 (− 0.29, 0.99) | 0.144 |
| Model 7 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.09) | 0.522 | − 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.004) | 0.256 | 0.02 (− 0.1, 0.2) | 0.649 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.10 (0.05, 0.2) | 0.001 | 0.02 (− 0.9, 0.9) | 0.953 | |
| Effect of age | − 0.04 (− 0.3, 0.2) | 0.634 | − 0.002 (− 0.02, 0.01) | 0.711 | 0.03 (− 0.3, 0.4) | 0.792 |
| Effect of quality assessment | –a | 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.08) | 0.612 | − 0.06 (− 0.7, 0.6) | 0.775 | |
| Model 8 | ||||||
| Effect of BMI | − 0.005 (− 0.12, 0.111) | 0.880 | − 0.006 (− 0.02, 0.004) | 0.236 | 0.06 (− 0.1, 0.2) | 0.306 |
| Effect of PCOS | –a | 0.1 (0.04, 0.2) | 0.002 | − 0.2 (− 0.9, 0.6) | 0.565 | |
| Effect of age | − 0.06 (− 0.4, 0.3) | 0.513 | − 0.003 (− 0.02, 0.01) | 0.680 | − 0.02 (− 0.3, 0.2) | 0.857 |
| Effect of GDM definition | 0.2 (− 0.4, 0.7) | 0.352 | 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.06) | 0.608 | − 0.1 (− 0.5, 0.3) | 0.459 |
Italic values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05)
aInsufficient data for analysis
Model 1: Univariate models assessing the effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM (Crude model)
Model 2: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI
Model 3: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI and age
Model 4: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and metformin therapy
Model 5: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and study design
Model 6: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and PCOS definition
Model 7: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and quality assessment
Model 8: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and GDM definition