Table 4.

Inequality in childhood immunization coverage using economic status as inequality dimension, Ghana

Economic status		Years
		1993		1998		2003		2008		2014
Indicators	Statistics	Value	SE	Value	SE	Value	SE	Value	SE	Value	SE
bcgv	d	28.09	5.42	17.74	4.44	7.64	3.84	9.29	2.84	3.16	2.84
	r	1.42	0.11	1.23	0.07	1.09	0.05	1.10	0.03	1.03	0.03
	rci	6.04	1.22	3.91	1.02	1.91	0.76	2.07	0.54	0.57	0.54
dptv	d	39.95	6.80	31.54	5.77	21.69	5.27	4.14	4.17	3.83	4.17
	r	1.92	0.26	1.52	0.13	1.33	0.09	1.05	0.05	1.04	0.05
	rci	10.88	2.06	7.59	1.63	5.29	1.23	1.25	0.80	0.82	0.80
fullv	d	41.67	6.73	32.26	6.35	24.70	5.86	8.09	5.76	−2.57	5.76
	r	2.11	0.32	1.66	0.18	1.45	0.13	1.11	0.08	0.97	0.08
	rci	11.83	2.33	9.70	1.98	6.54	1.57	2.40	1.25	−0.47	1.25
mslv	d	41.37	5.69	29.57	6.10	13.83	5.16	7.23	4.03	6.41	4.03
	r	1.87	0.20	1.50	0.14	1.18	0.08	1.08	0.05	1.07	0.05
	rci	10.09	1.77	8.76	1.72	3.27	1.17	2.06	0.81	1.08	0.81
poliov	d	39.95	6.80	26.81	5.94	15.47	5.20	2.56	4.55	−4.30	4.55
	r	1.92	0.26	1.44	0.12	1.23	0.09	1.03	0.05	0.95	0.05
	rci	10.98	2.06	7.12	1.59	3.65	1.21	0.66	0.90	−0.71	0.90

Notes: bcgv, dptv, fullv, mslv, poliov are BCG immunization coverage, DTP3 immunization coverage, full immunization coverage, measles coverage and polio coverage among children aged 12–23 months, respectively. d, r and rci are rate difference, rate ratio and relative concentration index, respectively. SE is the standard errors. Economic status is determined using the wealth index. The wealth index is constructed on household assets and access to basic services using the principal component analysis. The wealth index is divided into quintiles. Data sources are from DHS, and analyzed using the HEAT software