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. 2019 Jul 17;10:1602. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01602

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Copyright © 2019 Schmaljohn, Orlandi and Lewis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Vaccines and Therapies: Central Questions in Ab-mediated Resistance to Viral Infections. Where empiricism and conventional strategies have not led to effective Ab-based therapies or vaccines, investigators turn to deeper understanding of: (1) the paratope (epitope-binding moiety) on the Fab; (2) the biological function-amplifying structures of Ig molecules located mostly in Fc; and (3) the unsolved complexities of how to construct vaccine Ags and microenvironments (e.g., adjuvants, cytokines) that induce Abs mirroring those most desirable.