Figure 5.

PtoABCG36 enhances cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis seeds were grown on half-strength MS medium containing 0, 40 or 60 µM CdCl₂ for two weeks (A) and primary root length (B) were analyzed. (C) Accumulation of cadmium in plants after treatment with the half MS liquid medium containing 100 µM CdCl₂ for 24 h. For root lengths, n = 120–124 from three independent experiments. WT, wild-type; abcg36, abcg36 mutant SALK_1422526; OX-1 and OX-2, OX-3 PtoABCG36-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines. White bars = 15 mm. Cd concentrations in plants were measured by ICP-OES. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Different letters indicated significant differences (p < 0.05). Student’s t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.