Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of Patients with HPS Compared to those without HPS and Intrinsic Lung Disease

	HPS (N=75)	No HPS or Lung Disease (N=127)	P Value
Age, Median (IQR), years	56 (50, 61)	58 (52, 63)	0.12
Sex, N (%)			0.03
Female	32 (42.7)	36 (27.6)
Male	43 (57.3)	92 (72.4)
Race/Ethnicity, N (%)			0.01
Non-Hispanic White	61 (81.3)	81 (63.8)
Black	2 (2.7)	12 (9.4)
Hispanic	12 (16.0)	26 (20.5)
Other	0 (0.0)	8 (6.3)
Body Mass Index (BMI), Mean (SD)	31.1 (7.0)	30.3 (7.2)	0.40
Liver Disease Etiology, N (%)*
Alcohol	31 (41.3)	43 (33.9)	0.29
Autoimmune Hepatitis	3 (4.0)	4 (4.7)	1.00
Cryptogenic	3 (4.0)	10 (7.9)	0.38
Hepatitis C	34 (45.3)	57 (44.9)	0.95
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	8 (10.7)	20 (15.7)	0.31
Primary Biliary Cholangitis	8 (10.7)	4 (3.1)	0.03
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis	4 (5.3)	8 (6.3)	1.00
HCC, N (%)	20 (26.7)	45 (35.4)	0.20
Liver Disease Manifestations, N (%)
Ascites	57 (76.0)	78 (61.4)	0.03
Gastrointestinal bleeding (Variceal)	27 (36.0)	37 (29.1)	0.31
Hepatic Encephalopathy	47 (62.7)	63 (49.6)	0.07
Hepatic Hydrothorax	9 (12.0)	12 (9.4)	0.57
Liver Disease Severity, Median (IQR)
MELD Score, (N=198)	14 (12, 17)	13 (10, 16)	0.02
MELD-Na Score, (N=198)	15 (12, 19)	14 (10, 17)	0.01
CTP Score, (N=202)	7 (6, 8)	6 (4, 7)	<0.001
Laboratory Studies, Median (IQR)
Albumin, g/dL (N=201)	3.1 (2.5, 3.4)	3.2 (2.8, 3.7)	0.02
Bilirubin, Total, mg/dL (N=201)	2.5 (1.6, 3.7)	1.6 (1.0, 2.9)	<0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL (N=201)	1.0 (1.0, 1.1)	1.0 (1.0, 1.2)	0.05
INR (N=199)	1.4 (1.2, 1.6)	1.3 (1.1, 1.5)	0.01
Sodium, mEq/L (N=201)	138 (134, 141)	139 (136, 141)	0.23
Signs and Symptoms, N (%)
Clubbing	9 (12.0)	5 (3.4)	0.04
Dyspnea	28 (37.3)	26 (20.5)	0.01
NYHA Functional Class
1	12 (16.0)	53 (41.7)	0.001
2	43 (57.3)	55 (43.3)
3	20 (26.7)	19(15.0)
4	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

^*Etiologies of liver disease are not mutually exclusive. IQR – Interquartile Range; SD – Standard Deviation, MELD – Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; CTP - Child-Turcotte-Pugh, NYHA – New York Heart Association.