Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population According to the Pure Form and Mixed Form of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy at Baseline
| Features | All Patients (n = 208) | Pure Form (n = 134) | Mixed Form (n = 74) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, no. (%) | 153 (73.6) | 97 (72.4) | 56 (75.7) | NS |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 52.2 ± 12.4 | 53.7 ± 11.6 | 49.6 ± 13.4 | 0.020a |
| Family history of HCM, no. (%) | 29 (13.9) | 11 (8.2%) | 18 (24.3%) | 0.013a |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 82 (39.4) | 58 (43.3) | 24 (32.4) | NS |
| Heart rate, times/min | 69.9 ± 9.7 | 70.0 ± 9.6 | 69.8 ± 10.0 | NS |
| NYHA class ≥III, no. (%) | 15 (7.2) | 4 (3.0) | 11 (14.9) | 0.003a |
| ECG, no. (%) | ||||
| T‐wave inversion | 190 (91.3) | 131 (97.8) | 59 (79.7) | NS |
| GNT | 60 (28.8) | 42 (32.1) | 18 (24.3) | NS |
| LVHV | 125 (60.1) | 84 (62.7) | 41 (55.4) | NS |
| Q waves | 16 (7.7) | 9 (6.7) | 7 (9.5) | NS |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVATmax, mm | 40 | 40 | 37 | |
| LVAT, mm | 19.9 ± 4.3 | 19.2 ± 4.1 | 21.3 ± 4.3 | <0.001a |
| IVST, mm | 14.0 ± 6.4 | 11.6 ± 4.6 | 18.4 ± 7.1 | <0.001a |
| LVPWT, mm | 9.9 ± 1.5 | 9.7 ± 1.5 | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 0.001a |
| Ratio LVAT/LVPWT | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.03 ± 0.53 | 2.21 ± 1.16 | NS |
| LAd, mm | 37.3 ± 6.0 | 36.5 ± 5.3 | 38.7 ± 6.7 | 0.010a |
| LVEDd, mm | 47.8 ± 5.2 | 48.7 ± 5.1 | 46.3 ± 5.1 | 0.001a |
| LVESd, mm | 30.0 ± 4.7 | 30.4 ± 4.7 | 29.3 ± 4.7 | NS |
| LVEF, % | 66.4 ± 9.3 | 66.6 ± 9.6 | 66.01 ± 8.9 | NS |
| VE, m/s | 0.72 ± 0.19 | 0.71 ± 0.19 | 0.72 ± 0.19 | NS |
| VA, m/s | 0.84 ± 0.23 | 0.82 ± 0.24 | 0.88 ± 0.20 | NS |
| Ratio, VE/VA | 0.91 ± 0.37 | 0.93 ± 0.37 | 0.87 ± 0.36 | NS |
Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiogram; GNT, giant negative T waves; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; IVST, interventricular septum thickness; LAd, left atrial end‐systolic diameter; LVAT, left ventricular apical thickness; LVEDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESd, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVHV, left ventricular high voltage; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; NS, denotes not significant, comparing pure form with mixed form; NYHA, New York Heart Association; VA, peak end‐diastolic mitral flow velocity; VE, peak early‐diastolic mitral flow velocity.
Data are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
P < 0.05.