VEGF levels measured in pericardial effusion/pericardial fluid (A) and serum (B) from patients with malignant pericardial effusion, nonmalignant pericardial effusion, and CAD. The median values and upper and lower quartiles are depicted as box plots. Whiskers indicate the fifth and 90th percentiles. Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; PE, pericardial effusion; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.