Figure 5.

Petchiether A (PetA) inhibits transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad3 signalling in the obstructive kidneys of unilateral obstructive (UUO) mice. Mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or petA (40 mg/kg/d) 4 d before or right after UUO operation were killed 5 d after UUO. A, TGF‐β1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR. Phosphorylation of Smad3 was examined by immunohistochemistry (B) and quantitative Western blot analysis (C). Data represent the mean ± SEM for 6‐8 mice per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the sham group; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01, ^### P < 0.001 vs the vehicle UUO group. Magnification ×200. PetA Px, PetA prevention; PetA Tx, PetA treatment