Table 1.
Assessment of Stroke (CHA2DS2‐VASc) and Bleeding Risk (HAS‐BLED) in Atrial Fibrillation Patients28
| CHA2DS2‐VASca | Score | HAS‐BLEDb | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Congestive heart failure | 1 | Hypertension (systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg) | 1 |
| Hypertension | 1 | Abnormal renal and liver function (1 point each) | 1 or 2 |
| Age ≥75 years | 2 | Stroke | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 | Bleeding tendency/ predisposition | 1 |
| Stroke/TIA/TE | 2 | Labile INRs (if on warfarin) | 1 |
| Vascular disease (prior MI, PAD, or aortic plaque) | 1 | Elderly (eg, age >65 years) | 1 |
| Age 65–74 years | 1 | Drugs or alcohol (1 point each) | 1 or 2 |
| Sex category (ie, female gender) | 1 | ||
| Maximum score | 9 | Maximum score | 9 |
Abbreviations: CHA2DS2‐VASc, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years (double points), Diabetes mellitus, previous thromboembolism (double points), Vascular disease, age 65–74 years, and female gender; HAS‐BLED, Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/alcohol concomitantly; INR, international normalized ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TE, thromboembolic; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 0: recommend no antithrombotic therapy; CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 1: recommend antithrombotic therapy with oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, but preferably oral anticoagulation; CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2: recommend oral anticoagulation.
HAS‐BLED score ≥3: indicates that caution is warranted when predicting oral anticoagulation and regular review is recommended.