FIG 3.

Increased intestinal epithelial apoptosis in MF- but not MO-infected mice. (A) Representative images of TUNEL assay for the identification of late-apoptotic cells (green) in distal colon samples from uninfected (UI), male-only (MO)-infected, and male-female (MF)-infected mice. (B) TUNEL-positive cells per crypt for the indicated groups of mice. (C) Representative images of Ki-67-positive cells per crypt. (D) Ki-67-positive cells per crypt. For both TUNEL and Ki-67 assays, 2 to 3 sections per mouse were used. Symbols represent individual mice. Data are presented as means ± SEM of from 7 to 17 mice. Statistical difference between groups was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. ****, P < 0.0001. Scale bar, 200 μm.