FIG 1.

(A to D) Production of IFN-γ (A), IL-4 (B), IL-10 (C), and IL-17 (D) by PBMCs cultured without a stimulus (Medium) or with T. cruzi antigens (4 μg/ml; Ag-T.cruzi) for 72 h at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂. In panel E, we present the ratio of IFN-γ production to IL-10 production under the Ag-Tc culture conditions. For the patients with cardiac Chagas disease (n = 9), red dots represent patients who progressed from the indeterminate form to the cardiac form or worsened at 48 months after benznidazole treatment (n = 5). Horizontal lines represent the median. *, P < 0.05 (Mann-Whitney or Wilcoxon’s test).