FIG 2.

Thapsigargin increases the NOD1-dependent inflammatory response. HeLa57A cells were stimulated with the NOD1 ligand C12-iE-DAP (10 μg/ml) in combination with thapsigargin (1 μM) or tunicamycin (1 μg/ml). (A) Luciferase activity was quantified 5 h after stimulation to determine NF-κB levels. The response induced by C12-iE-DAP alone was set at 100%. Data represent means ± standard errors from at least three independent experiments in triplicate. (B to F) RNA was extracted, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of Il6 (B), Il23 (C), Xbp1 (D), Hsp5a (E), and Chop (F) mRNAs. Shown are data from one representative experiment in triplicate of three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni multiple-comparison test was used to determine statistical significance in panel A. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test was used to confirm statistical significance in panels B to F. A P value of <0.05 was taken to be significant. ns, not significant.