Raupp 1995.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	Neonates; body weight 1000 to 1799 g
Interventions	Empirical use of partially hydrolysed whey‐casein formula* (n = 56) Non‐hydrolysed preterm formula* (n = 52)
Outcomes	Biochemistry Bone mineralisation Blood/serum Necrotising enterocolitis
Notes	University Children's Hospital of Düsseldorf * Energy content of both formulas: 80 kcal/100 mL
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All infants assessed for primary outcomes
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funder: Nestle (manufacturer of the trial formula)