Riezzo 2001.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	Preterm infants (n = 36)
Interventions	Partially hydrolysed casein preterm formula* (n = 18) Standard (whey‐casein) formula* (n = 18)
Outcomes	Proportion of infants who had > 1 episode of regurgitation or vomiting per day
Notes	Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Trial date: 2000 Energy content of hydrolysed formula (80 kcal/100 mL) higher than control standard term formula (68 kcal/100 mL). Because trial did not report growth rates (the reason for specifying similar energy levels in comparison formulas), we made a consensus decision to include the trial
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear evidence provided ‐ stated only that infants were randomly assigned
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear evidence provided ‐ stated only that infants were randomly assigned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All infants assessed for primary outcomes
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funder: not stated