Figure 3.

Dehydrocostus lactone (DHE) impaired F‐actin ring formation and bone resorption in vitro. Bone marrow‐derived macrophage (BMM) cells were cultured in the presence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF, 30 ng/mL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (100 ng/mL) for 5 d with serial concentrations of DHE (0, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 μmol/L). Cells were then fixed, stained, and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar = 200 μm for fluorescence images. For resorption pit assay, the pre‐osteoclasts were incubated on bone discs for 2‐3 d with or without 4 μmol/L DHE. Scale bar = 100 μm for SEM images