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. 2019 Jul 17;10:1557. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01557

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Copyright © 2019 Tharmalingam, Khader, Fuchs and Mylonakis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of BIP on virulence genes. S. aureus MW2 cells were treated with BIP (64 μg/ml) for 4 h. RNA was isolated and used as a template for cDNA synthesis and was analyzed using real-time PCR. (A) Exposure to BIP was associated with down-regulation of major virulence regulator genes, including agrA, spa, and codY. (B,C) The expression of virulence genes agrA, spa, codY, RNA III was examined during the 4- and 24-h treatments of BIP, respectively. Drug treatment down-regulated agrA, spa, codY, and RNA III expression. (D) Two clinical strains of S. aureus (BF 9, BF 10) were also evaluated for changes to agrA, spa, codY, and RNA III expression. (E) MW2 cells were exposed with the benzimidazole derivatives omeprazole and pantoprazole (64 μg/ml) for 4 h. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3). ^*p < 0.05, Student’s t-test comparing DMSO control.