. 2019 Jun 26;17(5):361–370. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i5.4603

Table 2.

The effect of micro- and nanoparticles of MnO $_{2}$ on sperm motility and epidydimal sperm count of rats


Groups	Sperm Count (ml)	Sperm Motility (%)
	Rapid	Slow	None	Immotile
Control	316333 $\pm$ 27284	71	10	15	5
Vehicle	320666 $\pm$ 7218	61	18	11	10
Micro-MnO $_{2}$	20666 $\pm$ 3051###	–	–	–	100 $^{* * * *}$
Nano-MnO $_{2}$	311266 $\pm$ 6241###	–	–	–	100 $^{* * * *}$
Note: Values are means $\pm$ STD for 8 rats; ****p $<$ 0.0001 compared to vehicle and control groups; ###p $<$ 0.001 compared to the vehicle and control groups (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test)