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. 2019 Jun 25;23(8):5440–5453. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14426

Figure 5.

Figure 5

A, Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis of RARβ. B, qRT‐PCR analysis of CYP26A1 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) (hiPSC‐1, ‐2, and ‐3) treated with RA (RA+) or with BMS493 (BMS493+) or with both (RA+/BMS493+); expression values are normalized to GAPDH and relative to regular medium (RM) (mTeSR1 medium). C, Corrected total cell fluorescence of markers specific of each germ layer: Nestin (ectoderm), Brachyury (mesoderm) and Sox17 (endoderm) in EBs derived from hESCs and hiPSCs cell lines (‐1, ‐2, and ‐3) cultured in RM and in medium supplemented for 24 h with 0.5 µM RA, 5 µM BMS493 or with both molecules. Bars represents measurements derived from 5 cells for each condition (mean ± SD). D, qRT‐PCR analysis of NESTIN, MESP1 (mesoderm marker) and SOX17 in EBs derived from hESCs and hiPSC‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 cultured in RM and in medium supplemented for 24 h with 0.5 µM RA, 5 µM BMS493 or with both molecules. Expression values are normalized to GAPDH and relative to EBs derived from untreated hESCs. Data are showed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, t‐test)