Table 1. Eighteen potentially relevant pathogens scored relative to each other and ranked by expert opinion.
Pathogens | Animal classesa | Country of originb | Rangec | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | |||
Salmonella spp. d | Birds, reptiles, amphibians | Worldwide | 2 | 4 |
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus | Birds, mammals, reptiles | China, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, UAE | 2 | 3 |
West Nile virus | Birds | Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Tanzania, USA | 2 | 3 |
Yersinia pestise | Mammals | Argentina, Egypt | 2 | 3 |
Arenavirusese | Mammals | Argentina | 1 | 3 |
Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Birds, reptiles | Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Ecuador, USA | 2 | 2 |
Japanese encephalitis virus | Birds | Philippines, Singapore | 2 | 2 |
Western equine encephalitis virus | Birds, reptiles | Argentina, Canada, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, USA | 2 | 2 |
Rocio virus | Birds | Brazil | 1 | 2 |
Ross river virus | Mammals | Indonesia | 1 | 2 |
Saint Louis encephalitis virus | Birds | Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Peru, Suriname, USA | 1 | 2 |
Sindbis viruse | Birds | Tanzania | 1 | 2 |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruse | Birds | Peru, USA | 1 | 2 |
Echinococcus granulosuse | Mammals | Chile | 1 | 2 |
Rickettsia africae/ African tick bite fevere | Mammals | South Africa | 1 | 1 |
Rickettsia typhiie | Mammals | Mexico | 1 | 1 |
Rickettsia rickettsiie | Mammals | Argentina | 1 | 1 |
T-cell lymphotropic virus 1/HTLV-1 | Mammals | Ghana, Peru, Tanzania, USA | 1 | 1 |
a Animal classes that were imported into the Netherlands in 2013–2014 that could play a role in the transmission of the pathogen.
b Countries where pathogen is present and where animals were imported from into the Netherlands in 2013–2014
c A scale of 1 to 4 was used, where 1 represents the lowest risk and 4 the highest risk
d Only scored by two of the experts as the pathogen was outside the field of expertise of one expert and the other expert indicated that there was not enough information to decide on the risk
e Only scored by three of the experts as the pathogen was outside the field of expertise of one expert