Fig. 5.

—In vitro assays of sage-grouse liver enzymes. Boxplot of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity of liver microsomes from greater sage-grouse (green, n = 5 individuals), chicken (blue, n = 1 composite), and negative control (orange, n = 1, no microsomes), from in vitro assays (four replicates per category) utilizing a nonselective cytochrome P450 substrate (Luciferin-MultiCYP) (left) and a more specific substrate (Luciferin-ME, right) that targets putative detoxification enzyme activity (CYP1 and CYP2, see Materials and Methods). Different letters above plots indicate significant differences among categories within each assay type. To aid in visual comparison, enzyme activity values have been scaled and centered within each comparison. Diagram for assay reaction (inset) wherein cytochrome P450 enzymes convert luciferin substrate (top) to luciferin methyl ester, which then produces luminescence in the presence of luciferin detecting reagent (LDR, Promega Corp.).