Table 3.

Among those identified with an alcohol or drug (AOD) use disorder in an outpatient or emergency department setting (N=69,965), characteristics associated with initiation of AOD treatment

Characteristic associated with AOD treatment initiation	Population (N=69,965) N (%) or median (IQR)	Unadjusted RR for initiation (95% CI)	Adjusted RR for initiation (95% CI)
Race/ethnicity
White	41571 (59.4)	[Ref]	[Ref]
Asian	2502 (3.6)	0.80 (0.77–0.83)	0.80 (0.78–0.82)
African American	6653 (9.5)	0.80 (0.74–0.87)	0.80 (0.75–0.86)
Hispanic	14043 (20.1)	0.83 (0.80–0.87)	0.84 (0.80–0.87)
Other/Unknown	5196 (7.4)	0.92 (0.75–1.12)	0.93 (0.76–1.13)
Age	46.4 (17.7)	1.01 (1.00–1.01)	--
Sex
Male	37600 (60.9)	[Ref]	[Ref]
Female	27390 (39.1)	0.92 (0.83–1.03)	0.92 (0.82–1.03)
Charlson/Deyo comorbidity index
0	46708 (66.8)	[Ref]	[Ref]
1	11557 (16.5)	1.08 (1.02–1.13)	0.99 (0.96–1.03)
2+	11700 (16.7)	0.91 (0.86–0.96)	0.80 (0.74–0.86)
Diagnoses in the prior year
Alcohol abuse	7824 (11.2)	1.86 (1.67–2.08)	1.57 (1.32–1.86)
Tobacco dependence	14102 (20.2)	1.37 (1.23–1.54)	1.30 (1.17–1.43)
Pregnancy/childbirth	1073 (1.5)	0.97 (0.70–1.35)	--
Injury/poisoning	22027 (31.5)	1.19 (1.07–1.32)	--
Cirrhosis	3790 (5.4)	1.36 (1.30–1.41)	1.25 (1.12–1.35)
Hepatitis C	1695 (2.4)	1.17 (1.09–1.26)	--
Pancreatic disease	1083 (1.5)	1.59 (1.43–1.77)	1.34 (1.15–1.56)

Abbreviations. IQR=interquartile range; RR = risk ratio; CI = confidence interval; AOD=alcohol or other drugs; -- indicates variables not included in adjusted analyses because they either were not significant in bivariate analyses (p-value ≥ 0.25) or forward selection modeling (p-value ≥ 0.25)