Table 1.
International guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs
| Guideline | Indications | AFP | Imaging | Period (mo) |
| WHO | HBV DNA > 2000 UI/mL, HCV cirrhosis | + | US | 6 |
| Canadian | Cirrhosis, HBV chronic carriers | US | 6 | |
| AASLD | Cirrhosis | +/- | US | 6 |
| NCCN | Cirrhosis, HBV chronic hepatitis | +/- | US | 6 |
| Australian | US | |||
| EASL | US | 6 | ||
| Japan | Cirrhosis | + | US/dynamic CT/MRI | 3-6 |
| Asia-Pacific | > 200 ng/mL | US | 6 |
AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; CT: Computed tomography; EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; US: Ultrasonography; WHO: World Health Organization.