Table 1.
Sample characteristics, Philadelphia, PA, 2016.
| Characteristic | Total adult patient population |
Diabetes control sample |
Hypertension control sample |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) or mean (SD) | N (%) or mean (SD) | N (%) or mean (SD) | |
| Individual-levela | |||
| Total (N) | 9499 | 1061 | 2633 |
| Age (years) | 37.3 (13.9) | 49.9 (12.3) | 48.7 (12.9) |
| Female | 6758 (71%) | 716 (67%) | 1810 (69%) |
| Insurance status | |||
| Medicaid | 5747 (61%) | 577 (54%) | 1434 (54%) |
| Medicare | 865 (9%) | 239 (23%) | 528 (20%) |
| Private insurance | 1714 (18%) | 164 (15%) | 471 (18%) |
| Uninsured | 1162 (12%) | 81 (8%) | 215 (8%) |
| Neighborhood-levela | |||
| Total (N) | 353 | 221 | 271 |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Deprivation score | −0.20 (1.15) | 0.07 (0.99) | −0.03 (1.03) |
| Percent poverty | 26.8 (14.8) | 31.1 (13.9) | 28.9 (14.3) |
| Percent bachelor's degree | 25.5 (20.4) | 19.8 (17.6) | 22.0 (18.4) |
| Social environment | |||
| Violent crime rateb | 267 (184) | 316 (184) | 292 (187) |
| Perceived safety | 0.82 (0.11) | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.82 (0.11) |
| Social capital | 1.80 (0.21) | 1.77 (0.21) | 1.78 (0.21) |
| High segregationc | 99 (28%) | 95 (43%) | 98 (36%) |
| Walkability | |||
| Percent retail land use | 5.29 (5.18) | 5.07 (4.12) | 5.11 (4.74) |
| Intersection density | 108.6 (60.1) | 111.1 (52.7) | 110.7 (55.5) |
a
N (%) for gender, insurance status, and neighborhood high segregation. Mean (SD) for all other characteristics.
b
Per 10,000 population.
c
Getis-Ord Gi⁎ z-score ≥ 1.96 for African American population.