Table 2.
Differentially expressed genes associated with P53 Signaling Pathway identified in HCV29 cells exposed to either eggs of Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) or S. mansoni (Sm).
| Gene name (ID) | HCV29 cell line* | Gene description | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sh eggs | Sm eggs | |||
|
SERPINB5 (Serpin Family B, member 5) |
NS | ↓ −3.09 (P = 0.003) 24 h | Inhibitor of cancer cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Under expression associated with breast, prostate, thyroid and skin tumors. | 78 |
|
ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated, Serine/Threonine kinase) |
↓ −2.69 (p = 0.043) 24 h | NS | Mediator in kinase cascade that controls DNA damage response, cell-cycle progression, DNA recombination and apoptosis. Its downregulation inhibits p53 and cell cycle arrest. | 79, 80 |
|
MDM2 (MDM2 Proto-Oncogene) |
↓ −2.64 (P = 0.018) 24 h | NS | Ubiquitin E3 ligase that degrades P53 is under the control of p53 in a regulatory feedback loop (Fig. 4) | 81, 82 |
|
PML (Promyelocytic Leukemia) |
↓ −2.50 (p = 0.023) 24 h | NS | Nuclear protein involved in cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, and apoptosis, i.e. key regulator in the p53 pathway. PML-deficient mice exhibit apoptotic defects. | 83– 85 |
|
BAX (BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator) |
↓−2.22 (P = 0.017) 24 h | NS | Major promoter of apoptosis is regulated by p53, it has been involved in tumorigenesis by interfering with cell death. | 86 |
|
P53 (Tumor Protein P53 or TP53 as in Fig. 2) |
NS | ↓ −1.92 (P = 0.003) 24 h | Tumor suppressor, a key transcription factor inhibiting cancer development, being inactivated in most tumors. It responds to cell stress by activating genes responsible for DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy | 87, 88 |
|
E2F1 (E2F Transcription Factor 1) |
NS | ↑ 2.75 (P = 0.026) 24 h | Transcription factor that regulates cell cycle progression, involved in either oncogenesis or tumor suppression depending on cellular signals. E2F1 over expression associated with oncogenic transformation in rodent embryonic fibroblasts and tumorigenesis. | 89, 90 |
**Fold change and P value, upregulation (↑), downregulation (↓), NS, non-significant. The exposure time of cells co-cultured with indicated schistosome eggs (2 h and/or 24 h) for which the specific gene expression dysregulation was detected is indicated after the Fold change.