Table 2. Least square mean (95% CI) obtained from linear mixed model for conventional echocardiographic parameters before (baseline) and each times point during acute volume loading in 6 healthy beagles.
| Variables | Baseline | 15 min | 30 min | 45 min | 60 min | 75 min | 90 min |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E wave (m/sec) | 0.71 (0.65–0.77) | 0.84 (0.78–0.89)a) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91)a) | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97)a) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97)a) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91)a) |
| A wave (m/sec) | 0.43 (0.33–0.53) | 0.48 (0.38–0.58) | 0.55 (0.45–0.66) | 0.55 (0.45–0.65) | 0.53 (0.42–0.63) | 0.56 (0.45–0.66) | 0.49 (0.38–0.59) |
| Ratio of E and A | 1.72 (1.33–2.10) | 1.81 (1.42–2.19) | 1.58 (1.19–1.97) | 1.66 (1.27–2.05) | 1.69 (1.29–2.07) | 1.77 (1.39–2.16) | 1.86 (1.47–2.25) |
| PEP (msec) | 74 (66–81) | 66 (59–74)a) | 66 (58–73)a) | 62 (55–70)a) | 60 (52–67)a) | 61 (53–68)a) | 62 (54–69)a) |
| ET (msec) | 185 (170–200) | 235 (220–250)a) | 239 (223–254)a) | 243 (228–258)a) | 255 (239–270)a) | 253 (238–269)a) | 261 (246–276)a) |
| Ratio of PEP and ET | 0.40 (0.36–0.44) | 0.28 (0.25–0.32)a) | 0.27 (0.24–0.31)a) | 0.26 (0.22–0.29)a) | 0.23 (0.19–0.27)a) | 0.24 (0.20–0.28)a) | 0.24 (0.20–0.27)a) |
| E′ wave (cm/sec) | 6.47 (4.95–7.98) | 9.04 (7.52–10.55)a) | 9.75 (8.23–11.27)a) | 9.17 (7.66–10.69)a) | 9.88 (8.36–11.39)a) | 9.29 (7.78–10.82)a) | 8.72 (7.20–10.24)a) |
| A′ wave (cm/sec) | 3.54 (2.35–4.73) | 4.80 (3.61–5.99) | 5.18 (3.99–6.36)a) | 5.56 (4.37–6.75)a) | 6.53 (5.34–7.71)a) | 5.17 (3.98–6.36)a) | 5.29 (4.09–6.48)a) |
| S′ wave (cm/sec) | 5.44 (4.59–6.29) | 5.42 (4.57–6.27) | 5.56 (4.71–6.41) | 5.57 (4.72–6.42) | 5.96 (5.11–6.81) | 5.75 (4.90–6.59) | 5.41 (4.56–6.26) |
| Ratio of E and E’ | 11.38 (9.68–13.09) | 9.39 (7.68–11.09) | 8.98 (7.28–10.69) | 9.16 (7.45–10.86) | 9.26 (7.55–10.96) | 10.17 (8.46–11.88) | 9.89 (8.18–11.59) |
| IVCT | 55 (45–64) | 49 (40–59) | 53 (43–62) | 47 (37–57) | 46 (36–56) | 46 (36–56) | 48 (39–58) |
| IVRT | 54 (47–62) | 57 (49–64) | 59 (51–66) | 56 (48–63) | 60 (52–67) | 59 (52–67) | 56 (48–63) |
a) Value differs significantly (P<0.05) from corresponding baseline value. A wave=Peak velocity of the A wave. A′ wave=Peak velocity of the A′ wave. ET=Left ventricular ejection time. E wave=Peak velocity of the E wave. E′ wave=Peak velocity of E′ wave. IVCT=Isovolumic contraction time. IVRT=Isovolumic relaxation time. PEP=Left ventricular pre-ejection period. S′ wave=Peak velocity of S′ wave.