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. 2019 Jul 24;4(4):e00443-19. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00443-19

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Copyright © 2019 Choi et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 3 — Analysis of cytokines produced by MDMs coinfected with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. MDMs were coinfected with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) at days 5, 10, and 15 following drug treatment (300 μM). The culture supernatants were analyzed for the presence of cytokines released from infected MDMs on day 11 after infection. The data represent the mean ± standard deviation of the mean for 6 wells. Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s multiple comparisons, GraphPad Prism 7). **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; #, P < 0.0001, compared with the positive controls coinfected with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis (HIV-M. tuberculosis). GaTP, free drug Ga tetraphenylporphyrin; GaTN, GaTP-encapsulated nanoparticle; GaM, mannose-tagged Ga nanoparticle encapsulating GaTP; RFP-NVP, combination of rifampin and nevirapine; RFPNP-NVPNP, combination of rifampin nanoparticle and nevirapine nanoparticle; ns, no significance.