Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to fasting glucose levels at baseline.
| Fasting glucose categories (mg/dl) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <60 | 60–69 | 70–79 | 80–89 | 90–99 | 100–109 | 110–125 | ≥126 | |
| n | 351 | 1486 | 3229 | 2903 | 1151 | 397 | 212 | 201 |
| Person-years | 6668.10 | 28252.40 | 61133.27 | 55013.28 | 21591.08 | 7272.06 | 3951.47 | 3491.82 |
| All causes | ||||||||
| No. of deaths | 56 | 200 | 453 | 386 | 187 | 80 | 40 | 69 |
| Mortality ratea | 8.40 | 7.08 | 7.41 | 7.02 | 8.66 | 11.00 | 10.12 | 19.76 |
| Model 1 | 1.17 (0.88–1.55) | 1.00 (0.85–1.19) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | 1 (ref) | 1.24 (1.04–1.47) | 1.57 (1.24–2.00) | 1.43 (1.03–1.98) | 2.87 (2.22–3.72) |
| Model 2 | 1.41 (1.06–1.86) | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 1 (ref) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | 1.54 (1.21–1.96) | 1.32 (0.96–1.83) | 2.43 (1.88–3.15) |
| Model 3 | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | 1.16 (0.97–1.37) | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 1 (ref) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | 1.47 (1.15–1.87) | 1.22 (0.88–1.69) | 2.21 (1.70–2.87) |
| Model 4 | 1.38 (1.04–1.84) | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) | 1.18 (1.03–1.36) | 1 (ref) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 1.48 (1.16–1.88) | 1.17 (0.84–1.62) | 2.23 (1.72–2.90) |
| CVD | ||||||||
| No. of deaths | 14 | 37 | 100 | 74 | 42 | 15 | 9 | 19 |
| Mortality ratea | 2.10 | 1.31 | 1.64 | 1.35 | 1.95 | 2.06 | 2.28 | 5.44 |
| Model 1 | 1.55 (0.88–2.74) | 0.97 (0.65–1.44) | 1.22 (0.90–1.64) | 1 (ref) | 1.45 (0.99–2.11) | 1.54 (0.88–2.68) | 1.68 (0.84–3.35) | 4.19 (2.53–6.93) |
| Model 2 | 1.94 (1.09–3.44) | 1.21 (0.82–1.80) | 1.38 (1.02–1.86) | 1 (ref) | 1.38 (0.95–2.02) | 1.48 (0.85–2.59) | 1.50 (0.75–3.00) | 3.39 (2.04–5.62) |
| Model 3 | 2.15 (1.21–3.83) | 1.28 (0.86–1.91) | 1.43 (1.06–1.94) | 1 (ref) | 1.28 (0.87–1.87) | 1.28 (0.73–2.23) | 1.19 (0.59–2.39) | 2.57 (1.54–4.28) |
| Model 4 | 2.58 (1.44–4.61) | 1.41 (0.95–2.10) | 1.56 (1.15–2.11) | 1 (ref) | 1.29 (0.88–1.89) | 1.36 (0.78–2.37) | 1.05 (0.52–2.11) | 2.73 (1.64–4.56) |
| Cancer | ||||||||
| No. of deaths | 23 | 87 | 185 | 166 | 69 | 27 | 13 | 11 |
| Mortality ratea | 3.45 | 3.08 | 3.03 | 3.02 | 3.20 | 3.71 | 3.29 | 3.15 |
| Model 1 | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 1.02 (0.78–1.32) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) | 1.24 (0.82–1.86) | 1.09 (0.62–1.91) | 0.98 (0.52–1.86) |
| Model 2 | 1.32 (0.85–2.04) | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 1.09 (0.88–1.34) | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.78–1.37) | 1.22 (0.81–1.84) | 1.04 (0.59–1.82) | 0.87 (0.46–1.64) |
| Model 3 | 1.16 (0.75–1.80) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 1.22 (0.81–1.84) | 1.02 (0.58–1.79) | 0.88 (0.46–1.67) |
| Model 4 | 1.14 (0.74–1.78) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 1.04 (0.85–1.29) | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 1.22 (0.81–1.84) | 1.02 (0.58–1.81) | 0.89 (0.47–1.70) |
| Other causesb | ||||||||
| No. of deaths | 19 | 76 | 168 | 146 | 76 | 38 | 18 | 39 |
| Mortality ratec | 2.85 | 2.69 | 2.75 | 2.65 | 3.52 | 5.23 | 4.56 | 11.17 |
| Model 1 | 1.01 (0.62–1.65) | 1.01 (0.76–1.33) | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) | 1 (ref) | 1.33 (1.00–1.75) | 1.97 (1.38–2.82) | 1.70 (1.04–2.77) | 4.37 (3.07–6.23) |
| Model 2 | 1.24 (0.76–2.02) | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 1 (ref) | 1.27 (0.97–1.68) | 1.93 (1.35–2.76) | 1.55 (0.95–2.53) | 3.61 (2.53–5.15) |
| Model 3 | 1.10 (0.67–1.80) | 1.15 (0.87–1.52) | 1.13 (0.91–1.42) | 1 (ref) | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 1.86 (1.30–2.66) | 1.44 (0.88–2.36) | 3.26 (2.28–4.67) |
| Model 4 | 1.19 (0.72–1.94) | 1.21 (0.91–1.60) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | 1 (ref) | 1.30 (0.98–1.72) | 1.86 (1.30–2.67) | 1.40 (0.85–2.29) | 3.29 (2.29–4.71) |
Model 1 did not adjust any variables; Model 2 adjusted for age and sex; Model 3 additionally adjusted for urbanization (urban or rural), region (north or south), types of work (mental, light manual or heavy manual), education level (illiteracy, primary school, junior middle school, high school or at least some college), exercise habit (never, occasionally or regular), smoking status (current smoker or not), drinking status (current drinker or not) and body mass index; Model 4 additionally adjusted for systolic blood pressure and serum total cholesterol at baseline. CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; ref: reference.
a,c The unit of mortality rate is per 1000 person-years. b Includes all non-CVD and non-cancer deaths.