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. 2019 Jul 24;9:10730. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46632-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Zebrafish taf1 knockout model revealed an essential function of taf1 during embryogenesis and neurodevelopment. (A) Sequencing results of taf1^{uu1941/uu1941} F2 zebrafish embryos confirmed a 10 bp deletion in exon 8, which results in a frameshift and a stop codon, p.Glu362Alafs*9. (B) Three days post fertilization (dpf) mutant taf1^{uu1941/uu1941} (right) zebrafish embryos showed heart and ventricle edema, blood filled cavities, bent body axis, and general underdevelopment (UD) including short pectoral fins, reduced length and underdeveloped cartilage, eyes, and ears. (C) Phenotype quantification demonstrated reduced length, underdevelopment of eyes, ears and tectum when comparing wild-type taf1^+/+ and heterozygous taf1^uu1941/+ (siblings; sib) with taf1^{uu1941/uu1941} mutants. Adjusted p-values were generated using Student’s t-test, adjusted with Bonferroni correction. (D) Gene set enrichment analysis of all differentially expressed genes revealed four major themes associated with loss of taf1. Chromatin and DNA assembly as well as muscle development pathways were upregulated (red) and pathways of ion transport as well as sensory and visual perception pathways were downregulated (blue) in taf1^{uu1941/uu1941} zebrafish embryos.