Table 1.

Comparison of patient-derived cancer models

	Cancer cell lines	Xenografts	Organoids
Model system	In vitro	In vivo	In vitro
Shape	2D	3D	3D
Time prior to drug testing	1-2 d	4-8 mo	10-14 d
Cellularity	Clones of single cell	Tumor in microenvironment	Multiple cell types
Biological material produced	Abundant	Scarce	Abundant
Cost	Low	High	Medium
Tumor architecture	None	Represented	Represented
Primary tumor represented	No	Yes	Yes