Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Type	Citation	Intervention	Participants	Location	Setting	Design	Duration (mo)
Comprehensive	Dziadzko et al, 201626	AWARE—comprehensive viewer of ICU data organized by systems to support information management in the ICU	361 MD, NP, PA, RN, RT	AZ and FL, USA	ICU	Pre-post	14
	Pickering et al, 201537		174 rounds	MN, USA	ICU	RCT	2
	Hoskote et al, 201727		27 handoffs	MN, USA	ICU	Pre-post	Unknown
	Olchanski et al, 201728		1839 patients	MN, USA	ICU	Pre-post	48
	Kheterpal et al, 201829	AlertWatch OR—real-time data extraction from physiologic monitors and EHR displayed in schematic “live” view of organ systems	16 769 patients	MI, USA	OR	Pre-post	36
	Jiang et al, 201730	Electronic handoff tool with organized free-text boxes	50 handoffs	NY, USA	ICU	Pre-post	5
Multipatient	Shaw et al, 201520	Unit-wide dashboard of admission compliance to improve timeliness of compliance with quality and safety measures	450 patients	DC, USA	ICU	Pre-post	8
	Pageler et al, 201425	Multipatient dashboard of CLABSI prevention measures to increase compliance with catheter care bundle and decrease CLABSIs	860 patients	CA, USA	ICU	Pre-post	39
	Lipton et al, 201121	CDS for glucose control—current levels, trends, and protocols	667 patients	Netherlands	ICU	Pre-post	11
	Zaydfudim et al, 200923	Multipatient dashboard of ventilator compliance to increase compliance with ventilator bundle and reduce VAP rates	11 216 ventilator d	TN, USA	ICU	Pre-post	42
	Bourdeaux et al, 201631	Multipatient dashboard with visual cues when low tidal volume values are high	553 tidal volume time series	United Kingdom	ICU	Pre-post	48
	Cox et al, 201832	Clinician and family-facing palliative care planner	78 patients, 67 family members, 10 clinicians	NC, USA	ICU	Pre-post	5
	Fletcher et al, 201840	Multipatient dashboard with composite risk scores based on vital signs and laboratory results	6737 patient admissions	WA, USA	any hospital ward	N-Cohort	5
Physiologic and laboratory monitoring	Giuliano et al, 201224	Horizon Trends—baseline target and range for any physiological parameter, and ST Map—highlights ST changes in ECG	74 patients	NH, USA	ICU	Pre-post	Unknown
	Sondergaard et al, 201233	Display of patient cardiovascular data and trends in the context of target ranges to support anesthesia monitoring	27 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery	Sweden	OR	RCT	3
	Kennedy et al, 201039	Predictive display of anesthetic gas concentration to support anesthetic delivery decision making	25 patients	New Zealand	OR	N-cohort	Unknown
	Kennedy et al, 200438		15 patients, 13 anesthesiologists	New Zealand	OR	N-cohort	6
	Kirkness et al, 200835	Highly visible CPP display to help clinicians quickly identify patients with low CPP	100 patients with cerebral aneurysm	WA, USA	ICU	RCT	22
	Kirkness et al, 200634		157 patients with traumatic brain injury	WA, USA	ICU	RCT	22
	Bansal et al, 200119	CDS for ABG ordering—ABG display over time	ABG lab tests ordered (average of 269/wk pre, 387/wk post)	TN, USA	ICU	Pre-post with parallel control	3
Expert system	Semler et al, 201536	Integrated sepsis management tool	407 patients	TN, USA	ICU	RCT	4
	Evans et al, 199522	HELP—CDS for antibiotic ordering	962 patients	UT, USA	ICU	Pre-post	20

ABG: arterial blood gas; AWARE: Ambient Warning And Response Evaluation; CDS: clinical decision support; CLABSI: central line-associated bloodstream infections; CPP: cerebral perfusion pressure; ECG: electrocardiogram; EHR: electronic health record; HELP: Health Evaluation through Logical Processing; ICU: intensive care unit; MD: medical doctor; NP: nurse practitioner; OR: operating room; PA: physician assistant; RCT: randomized controlled trial; RN: registered nurse; RT: respiratory therapist; VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia.