Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and nonparticipants
| Characteristics | Survivors included in this study (n = 2811) | Survivors eligible but excluded from this study (n = 2117)* | P† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age at cancer diagnosis (SD), y | 8.3 (5.6) | 8.4 (5.6) | .54 |
| Range, y | 1–24.8 | 1–28.6 | |
| Mean age at evaluation (SD), y | 31.8 (8.4) | –– | |
| Range, y | 18.3–64.5 | ||
| Mean time since cancer diagnosis (SD), y | 23.6 (8.1) | –– | |
| Range, y | 10.0–48.0 | ||
| No. of people supported by household income (SD) | 2.8 (1.4) | –– | |
| Range | 1–9 | ||
| Mean age at evaluation, No. (%) | |||
| 18–29.9 y | 1301 (46.7) | –– | |
| 30–39.9 y | 998 (35.9) | –– | |
| ≥40 y | 485 (17.4) | –– | |
| Mean time since diagnosis, No. (%) | |||
| 10–19 y | 1012 (36.0) | –– | |
| 20–29 y | 1127 (40.1) | –– | |
| ≥30 y | 672 (23.9) | –– | |
| Sex, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
| Male | 1454 (51.7) | 1228 (58.0) | |
| Female | 1357 (48.3) | 889 (42.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2170 (80.1) | 1658 (78.3) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 359 (12.8) | 339 (16.0) | |
| Hispanic | 121 (4.3) | 89 (4.2) | |
| Other‡ | 161 (5.7) | 31 (1.5) | |
| Educational attainment, No. (%) | |||
| Below high school | 250 (9.7) | –– | |
| High school graduate/GED | 518 (20.0) | –– | |
| Some college/training after high school | 898 (34.7) | –– | |
| College graduate and above | 920 (35.6) | –– | |
| Employment status, No. (%) | |||
| Currently employed | 1836 (65.3) | –– | |
| Currently unemployed | 975 (34.7) | –– | |
| Annual household income, No. (%) | |||
| ≤$39 999 | 1067 (44.5) | –– | |
| $40 000–$79 999 | 779 (32.5) | –– | |
| ≥$80 000 | 550 (23.0) | –– | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | |||
| Married/living as married | 1083 (40.0) | –– | |
| Status other than married | 1627 (60.0) | –– | |
| Heath insurance status, No. (%) | |||
| Insured | 2141 (77.4) | –– | |
| Uninsured | 624 (22.6) | –– | |
| Cancer diagnosis, No. (%) | |||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 947 (33.7) | 590 (27.9) | <.001 |
| Other leukemia | 124 (4.4) | 116 (5.5) | .05 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 348 (12.4) | 219 (10.3) | .02 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 207 (7.4) | 175 (8.3) | .13 |
| Central nervous system malignancy | 285 (10.1) | 247 (11.7) | .05 |
| Sarcomas | 364 (13.0) | 273 (12.9) | .50 |
| Wilms tumor | 186 (6.6) | 138 (6.5) | .47 |
| Neuroblastoma | 129 (4.6) | 89 (4.2) | .28 |
| Retinoblastoma | 80 (2.9) | 63 (3.0) | .43 |
| Other solid malignancies | 141 (5.0) | 207 (9.8) | <.001 |
| Chemotherapy, No. (%) | |||
| Corticosteroids | 1345 (47.9) | –– | |
| Mercaptopurine, thioguanine | 1098 (39.1) | –– | |
| Methotrexate | 1450 (51.6) | –– | |
| Erwinia-/L-/Peg-asparaginase | 943 (33.6) | –– | |
| Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin | 342 (12.2) | –– | |
| Anthracycline | 1649 (58.8) | –– | |
| Alkylating agents | 1668 (59.7) | –– | |
| Vincristine | 1940 (69.6) | –– | |
| Any chemotherapy | 2322 (82.6) | 1737 (82.1) | .32 |
| Radiotherapy, No. (%) | |||
| Chest | 1516 (54.0) | –– | |
| Abdomen | 1491 (53.1) | –– | |
| Pelvis | 1485 (52.9) | –– | |
| Brain | 1522 (54.3) | –– | |
| Any radiotherapy | 1583 (56.3) | 1064 (59.1) | <.001 |
| Invasive surgery, No. (%) | 1945 (69.2) | 1006 (47.5) | <.001 |
| Burden of treatment modalities,§ No. (%) | |||
| High-risk burden | 1126 (40.2) | –– | |
| Moderate-risk burden | 1276 (45.5) | –– | |
| Low-risk burden | 400 (14.3) | –– | |
| Chronic health conditions,‖ No. (%) | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 103 (3.7) | –– | |
| Cardiac disorder | 260 (9.3) | –– | |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 252 (9.0) | –– | |
| Stroke | 89 (3.2) | –– | |
| Upper gastrointestinal disease | 113 (4.0) | –– | |
| Respiratory disorder | 474 (16.9) | –– | |
| Diabetes | 193 (6.9) | –– | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 58 (2.1) | –– | |
| Hepatic disorder | 107 (3.8) | –– | |
| Seizures | 238 (8.5) | –– | |
| Reproductive disorder | 975 (34.7) | –– | |
| Subsequent neoplasm | 190 (6.8) | –– | |
| Skeletal disorder | 284 (10.1) | –– | |
| Hearing loss | 285 (10.1) | –– |
See Figure 2 for the reasons for the exclusion of eligible participants. GED = General Equivalency Diploma.
P values for the comparison between survivors included in this study and survivors eligible but excluded from this study were computed using chi-square tests (two-sided) for binary or categorical variables and Student t tests (two-sided) for continuous variables.
Other: American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, and Pacific Islander.
High-risk burden: chemotherapy, radiotherapy and invasive surgery, or radiotherapy plus invasive surgery. Moderate-risk burden: chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy plus invasive surgery, radiotherapy only, or invasive surgery only. Low-risk burden: chemotherapy only (Supplementary Methods, available online).
CTCAE grades 2–4 chronic health conditions.