Figure 5.

Schematics for measurements of the cyclic I–V curve and temperature (a) in the dark and (b) under broadband light irradiation. Increase in device temperature with time due to (c) Joule heating and (d) the combined effects of Joule and photothermal heating under the sweeping bias voltage from +1 to −1 with different sweeping rates for three cycles. Time diagram for the applied sweeping bias voltage from +1 to −1 V (sweeping rate 25 mV/s) and corresponding current (e) in the dark and (f) under broadband light irradiation of 84 mW/cm² and (g, h) corresponding changes in device temperature. Black dotted vertical lines show the time for cycle completion (T, 2T, and 3T), and blue dotted vertical lines present times when the current becomes zero, in a positive half cycle, and when the temperature attains its minimum. ΔT_JH and ΔT_Ph represent temperature increase due to Joule and thermal heating, respectively.