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. 2019 Jul 25;8(8):355–367. doi: 10.1089/wound.2018.0931

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© Sandeep Dhall, et al. 2019; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Acess article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — VLAM downregulates proinflammatory and upregulates anti-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in diabetic wounds. Levels of cytokines and chemokines at days 7 and 14 post-injury in VLAM-treated wound tissue (n = 4 per each time point) were compared with control animals (Saline gel, n = 4 per each time point) (a–h). Unwounded skin samples (labeled “skin”) served as a reference control for levels of cytokines in normal skin. The concentration of each analyte was normalized to the total protein concentration of the sample. Bar graphs depict mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with control.