Table 3.
Secondary Outcomes: Physical Function Measures and Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure, by Group
| Measurement | Group | ICU Discharge | Hospital Discharge | 2-Month Follow-up | 4-Month Follow-up | 6-Month Follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least Square | No. of Patients | Least Square | No. of Patients | Least Square | No. of Patients | Least Square | No. of Patients | Least Square | No. of Patients | ||
| Means (95% Cl) | Providing Data | Means (95% Cl) | Providing Data | Means (95% Cl) | Providing Data | Means (95% Cl) | Providing Data | Means (95% Cl) | Providing Data | ||
| Physical Function | |||||||||||
| Short Physical Performance Battery scorea | SRT | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.2) | 86 | 4.7 (4.0 to 5.4) | 106 | 8.7 (8.1 to 9.4) | 88 | 8.9 (8.2 to 9.6) | 88 | 9.0 (8.3 to 9.7) | 84 |
| Usual care | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.4) | 98 | 4.7 (4.0 to 5.4) | 98 | 7.8 (7.1 to 8.5) | 76 | 8.0 (7.2 to 8.7) | 79 | 8.0 (7.2 to 8.7) | 81 | |
| Difference | −0.3 (−1.1 to 0.5) | −0.01 (−1.0 to 0.9) | 0.9 (−0.01 to 1.9) | 1.0 (−0.03 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.04 to 2.1) | ||||||
| P Valueb | .46 | .97 | .05 | .06 | .04 | ||||||
| Dynamometer strength, lb | SRT | 20.3 (17.9 to 22.8) | 67 | 23.7 (21.6 to 25.8) | 100 | 28.5 (26.3 to 30.8) | 84 | 28.8 (26.5 to 31.0) | 85 | 31.1 (28.8 to 33.4) | 78 |
| Usual care | 22.8 (20.4 to 25.1) | 77 | 23.9 (21.7 to 26.2) | 86 | 28.0 (25.6 to 30.4) | 73 | 29.6 (27.2 to 31.9) | 75 | 30.8 (28.4 to 33.1) | 77 | |
| Difference | −2.4 (−5.8 to 1.0) | −0.2 (−3.3 to 2.9) | 0.5 (−2.8 to 3.8) | −0.8 (−4.1 to 2.5) | 0.4 (−2.9 to 3.7) | ||||||
| P Valueb | .16 | .90 | .76 | .63 | .82 | ||||||
| Handgrip strength, kg | SRT | 20.0 (17.8 to 22.3) | 78 | 22.6 (20.6 to 24.6) | 104 | 27.2 (25.1 to 29.2) | 87 | 29.0 (26.8 to 31.2) | 87 | 29.3 (26.9 to 31.6) | 83 |
| Usual care | 20.9 (18.7 to 23.1) | 88 | 24.3 (22.2 to 26.4) | 94 | 26.0 (23.8 to 28.1) | 74 | 27.2 (24.9 to 29.4) | 77 | 27.2 (24.8 to 29.6) | 81 | |
| Difference | −0.8 (−4.0 to 2.3) | −1.7 (−4.6 to 1.2) | 1.2 (−1.8 to 4.2) | 1.8 (−1.3 to 5.0) | 2.0 (−1.3 to 5.4) | ||||||
| P Valueb | .60 | .25 | .43 | .25 | .23 | ||||||
| SF-36 physical functioning scale scorec | SRT | 38.4 (33.2 to 43.7) | 108 | 47.4 (41.8 to 53.1) | 89 | 52.2 (46.7 to 57.7) | 86 | 55.9 (50.0 to 61.7) | 82 | ||
| Usual care | 38.3 (32.8 to 43.8) | 100 | 43.0 (37.0 to 49.0) | 77 | 47.2 (41.4 to 53.0) | 77 | 43.6 (37.5 to 49.7) | 79 | |||
| Difference | 0.1 (−7.6 to 7.8) | 4.4 (−3.9 to 12.7) | 5.0 (−3.0 to 13.0) | 12.2 (3.8 to 20.7) | |||||||
| P Valueb | .97 | .29 | .22 | .001 | |||||||
| Functional Performance Inventory scored | SRT | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.1) | 89 | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.3) | 86 | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.4) | 83 | ||||
| Usual care | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.1) | 75 | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.2) | 77 | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2) | 79 | |||||
| Difference | −0.03 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 0.1 (−0.03 to 0.3) | 0.2 (0.04 to 0.4) | ||||||||
| P Valueb | .74 | .11 | .02 | ||||||||
| Health-Related Quality of Life | |||||||||||
| SF-36 physical health summary scoree | SRT | 30.2 (28.4 to 32.1) | 108 | 33.4 (31.4 to 35.5) | 89 | 36.0 (33.8 to 38.2) | 86 | 36.9 (34.6 to 39.3) | 82 | ||
| Usual care | 30.3 (28.4 to 32.2) | 100 | 32.2 (31.0 to 34.4) | 77 | 33.7 (31.4 to 36.0) | 77 | 33.5 (31.1 to 36.0) | 79 | |||
| Difference | −0.1 (−2.8 to 2.7) | 1.2 (−1.8 to 4.3) | 2.3 (−0.9 to 5.5) | 3.4 (−0.02 to 7.0) | |||||||
| P Valueb | .96 | .43 | .16 | .05 | |||||||
| SF-36 mental health summary scoree | SRT | 43.6 (41.5 to 45.7) | 108 | 46.3 (43.8 to 48.8) | 89 | 47.8 (45.5 to 50.2) | 86 | 48.8 (46.3 to 51.3) | 82 | ||
| Usual care | 43.3 (41.2 to 45.5) | 100 | 46.2 (43.6 to 48.8) | 77 | 47.7 (45.2 to 50.1) | 77 | 46.4 (43.8 to 49.0) | 79 | |||
| Difference | 0.3 (−2.7 to 3.3) | 0.1 (−3.5 to 3.7) | 0.2 (−3.2 to 3.6) | 2.4 (−1.2 to 6.0) | |||||||
| P Valueb | .86 | .96 | .91 | .19 | |||||||
| Mini-Mental State Examination scorec | SRT | 25.4 (24.7 to 26.1) | 114 | 26.7 (25.9 to 27.5) | 88 | 27.6 (27.0 to 28.2) | 86 | 27.6 (27.0 to 28.2) | 84 | ||
| Usual care | 25.1 (24.3 to 25.8) | 104 | 26.8 (26.0 to 27.7) | 75 | 27.2 (26.5 to 27.8) | 78 | 27.0 (26.4 to 27.6) | 81 | |||
| Difference | 0.3 (−0.7 to 1.3) | −0.1 (−1.3 to 1.1) | 0.4 (−0.5 to 1.3) | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | |||||||
| P Valueb | .55 | .86 | .37 | .17 | |||||||
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; SRT, standardized rehabilitation therapy. Metric conversion factor: To convert pounds to kilograms, divide by 0.45.
b
Treatment effect at the given visit.
c
SF-36 physical functioning scale and Mini-Mental State Examination were performed on hospital discharge and following appointments.
d
Functional Performance Inventory was performed starting at first outpatient follow-up. Self-report mechanisms use higher scores to indicate greater levels of functioning.
e
SF-36 mental and physical health summary minimal clinically important differences are 3 to 5 units.15