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. 2019 Jul 18;10:921. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00921

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Copyright © 2019 Parthasarathy, Savka and Hudson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anabolism of β-Alanine via the spermine and spermidine pathways. The enzyme class (EC) numbers shown in figure correspond to the following enzymes: spermidine dehydrogenase [EC 1.5.99.6], polyamine oxidase [EC 1.5.3.14], diamine oxidase [EC 1.4.3.22], aldehyde dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.3], and pantoate-β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming) [EC 6.3.2.1]. The dotted lines show the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway into which β-alanine can be fed. BCAA, branched chain amino acid.