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Expression of CrERF5 and MIA pathway genes in C. roseus flower petals transiently overexpressing CrERF5. (A) Iridoid pathway genes; (B) Vindoline pathway genes; (C) Indole and MIA pathway genes. The error bars represent the means ± SD from three biological replicates, and asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared with the controls. *P < 0.05.
