Table 2.
Signal transduction pathways of acupuncture in treating cerebral hemorrhagic injury.
| Subjects | Location | Acupoint | Intervention | Time of intervention | Signal pathway | Main results | Author, reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, Wistar rats | brain | GV20, GB7 | MA | 30min, QD for 1,2,3,7,10 days | increase GDNF level and modulate VEGF level | elevation of GDNF, VEGF (early) depression of VEGF (late) modulate neuron remodeling |
Zhang GW, et al. 2012[72] |
|
| |||||||
| Male, SD rats, collagenase-induced ICH | right globus pallidus | ST36 | EA,2-20Hz | 30min, QD, 14 days | activation of Ang-1 and Ang-2 | elevation of Ang-1 and Ang-2 neuroprotection |
Zhou HJ, et al. 2014[73] |
|
| |||||||
| Male, SD rats, autologous blood-induced ICH | right caudate nucleus | GV20, GB7 | MA, 3-4Hz, 5min | 30min, QD, 7 days | inactivation of TNF pathway | depression of TNF-α and NF-κB anti-inflammation |
Liu H, et al. 2017[74] |
|
| |||||||
| Male, SD rats, collagenase-induced ICH | right caudate nucleus | GV20, GB7 | EA,0.2mA, 2Hz | 30min, QD, 1,3,7 days | activation of caveolin-1/matrix metalloproteinase/blood-brain barrier permeability pathway | elevation of caveolin-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 reduce blood-brain barrier permeability |
Li HQ, et al. 2016[75] |
|
| |||||||
| Male, SD rats, collagenase and heparin-induced ICH | right caudate putamen | GV20, GV14 | EA,1mA, 3Hz | 10min, QD, 14 days | activation of Bcl-2 pathway | elevation of Bcl-2 protein depression of caspase-3 and Bax proteins increase absorption of hematoma and anti-apoptosis |
Zhu Y, et al. 2017[76] |
|
| |||||||
| Male, Wistar rats, autologous blood-induced ICH | caudate nucleus | PC6, GV26 | EA, 4Hz | 1min | balance of BCL-2 and Bax | elevation of BCL-2 mRNA depression of Bax mRNA anti-apoptosis |
Li Z, et al. 2017[77] |
Abbreviations
- -: not mentioned; Ang: Angiopoietin; Bax: Bcl-2 associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; EA: electroacupuncture; GDNF: glial-derived neurotrophic factor; ICH: intracranial hemorrhage; MA: manual acupuncture; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; QD: daily; SD rat: Sprague Dawley rat; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.