Table 3:
Country-level estimates of the prevalence of HCV viraemic infection among people with recent injecting drug use, the number of people with recent injecting drug use living with HCV viraemic infection, the total population living with HCV vireamic infection and the proportion of people with recent injecting drug use among the total population with HCV viraemic infection
| Region and country | Prevalence of HCV viraemic infection among people with recent injecting drug use % (UI) | Number of people with recent injecting drug use living with HCV viraemic infection (UI) | Total population living with HCV viraemic infection (UI) | Proportion of people with recent injecting drug use among the total population with HCV viraemic infection % (UI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Europe | ||||
| Armenia | 32.0 (22.0,42.3) | 4,000 (1,500, 8,500) | NK | NG |
| Azerbaijan | 46.6 (34.9,58.0) | 20,000 (14,000, 27,000) | 190,000 (125,000, 212,000) | 10.6 (7.3,17.3) |
| Belarus | 43.7 (32.3,55.1) | 18,000 (7,000, 31,500) | NK | NG |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | 30.0 (20.7,39.5) | NK | NK | NK |
| Bulgaria | 51.5 (47.3,55.8) | 9,500 (7,500, 11,500) | 87,000 (46,000, 112,000) | 11.0 (6.9,20.4) |
| Czech Republic | 13.7 (10.9,16.7) | 6,500 (5,000, 8,000) | 43,000 (22,000, 48,500) | 15.0 (9.2,28.6) |
| Estonia | 59.4 (49.8,68.4) | 5,000 (2,500, 8,500) | 18,000 (11,500, 20,000) | 28.2 (12.6,53.0) |
| Georgia | 51.8 (42.9,60.5) | 59,500 (12,500, 119,500) | 165,000 (120,000, 169,000) | 36.1 (7.4,76.9) |
| Hungary | 35.0 (22.9,47.2) | 1,500 (500, 2,500) | 52,500 (28,500, 55,500) | 2.7 (1.1,5.6) |
| Latvia | 55.8 (49.8,61.7) | 8,000 (6,000, 10,000) | 43,000 (28,000, 50,000) | 18.1 (11.8,29.1) |
| Lithuania | 30.8 (28.1,33.7) | 1,500 (500, 2,500) | 32,500 (20,000, 38,500) | 4.5 (2.0,8.6) |
| Moldova | 37.5 (25.5,49.7) | 4,500 (2,500, 7,000) | NK | NG |
| Poland | 44.0 (40.5,47.6) | NK | 184,000 (136,000, 224,000) | NK |
| Romania | 62.9 (58.7,67.0) | 51,000 (36,000, 67,500) | 547,000 (397,000, 566,000) | 9.3 (6.0,14.2) |
| Russian Federation | 51.6 (44.2,58.9) | 969,500 (463,000, 1,570,500) | 4,748,000 (3,238,000, 4,960,000) | 20.4 (9.6,37.2) |
| Slovakia | 42.1 (26.6,57.7) | 8,500 (3,500, 14,500) | 33,000 (20,000, 37,500) | 25.4 (9.6,52.0) |
| Ukraine | 40.4 (36.3,44.6) | 129,000 (54,000, 222,000) | NK | NG |
| Western Europe | ||||
| Albania | 25.5 (20.1,31.1) | 1,500 (1,000, 2,500) | NK | NG |
| Andorra | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Austria | 45.7 (40.6,50.9) | 8,500 (6,000, 11,500) | 21,000 (6,000, 30,500) | 40.2 (20.1,100.0) |
| Belgium | 43.8 (34.9,52.6) | 11,500 (7,000, 16,500) | 64,500 (23,000, 75,500) | 17.8 (8.7,45.8) |
| Croatia | 27.5 (21.0,34.2) | 1,500 (1,000, 2,500) | 26,000 (16,500, 28,500) | 6.7 (4.0,11.3) |
| Denmark | 31.9 (26.8,37.2) | 5,500 (4,000, 6,500) | 19,500 (14,500, 19,500) | 27.2 (18.8,39.5) |
| England | 23.1 (20.0,26.3) | 48,500 (41,500, 56,000) | 168,000 (91,000, 211,000) | 28.9 (18.8, 51.8) |
| Finland | 55.2 (51.2,59.4) | 9,500 (7,000, 12,500) | 22,500 (16,000, 26,000) | 41.6 (27.4,62.8) |
| France | 48.0 (44.5,51.5) | 39,500 (31,500, 47,500) | 194,000 (92,500, 222,000) | 20.2 (12.4,40.1) |
| FYR (Form. Yug. Rep) Macedonia | 46.6 (43.4,49.9) | 2,500 (1,500, 3,000) | NK | NK |
| Germany | 48.7 (44.6,53.0) | 64,000 (13,500, 129,000) | 205,000 (90,000, 313,000) | 31.3 (6.2,80.6) |
| Greece | 49.2 (45.4,53.1) | 2,500 (2,000, 3,000) | 132,000 (82,000, 169,000) | 1.9 (1.2,3.1) |
| Greenland | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Iceland | 47.3 (43.8,50.8) | NK | 1,000 (1,000, 1,000) | NK |
| Ireland | 56.0 (52.5,59.4) | 5,000 (3,500, 6,000) | 29,500 (20,000, 42,500) | 16.2 (10.0,28.9) |
| Italy | 43.4 (38.8,48.1) | 148,500 (98,500, 205,000) | 680,000 (455,000, 1,641,000) | 21.8 (7.6,33.9) |
| Liechtenstein | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Luxembourg | 61.0 (55.9,66.1) | 1,500 (1,000, 1,500) | 5,500 (3,500, 6,000) | 25.2 (16.6,41.1) |
| Malta | 18.9 (10.4,28.4) | NK | 1,000 (1,000, 1,500) | NK |
| Monaco | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Montenegro | 32.6 (29.4,35.9) | NK | NK | NK |
| Netherlands | 41.5 (36.7,46.3) | 1,500 (1,000, 2,000) | 16,500 (5,000, 25,500) | 8.3 (4.2,22.9) |
| Northern Ireland | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Norway | 48.6 (44.5,52.8) | 4,000 (3,500, 5,000) | 21,000 (15,000, 24,500) | 19.4 (13.8,28.1) |
| Portugal | 65.8 (59.1,72.2) | 10,500 (9,000, 12,000) | 89,000 (74,000, 120,000) | 11.7 (8.2,18.1) |
| San Marino | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Scotland | 39.1 (33.8,44.5) | 6,000 (5,000, 7,500) | NK | NG |
| Serbia | 19.4 (16.5,22.6) | 5,500 (4,500, 7,000) | NK | NG |
| Slovenia | 22.9 (19.6,26.2) | 1,500 (1,000, 2,000) | 6,500 (4,500, 7,000) | 21.3 (13.3,33.5) |
| Spain | 53.3 (50.2,56.3) | 5,500 (2,000, 9,500) | 386,000 (202,000, 620,000) | 1.4 (0.5,3.6) |
| Sweden | 61.3 (57.6,64.9) | 5,000 (<500, 20,000) | 37,500 (28,000, 43,500) | 13.3 (0.0,46.6) |
| Switzerland | 55.9 (51.0,60.9) | 7,500 (6,000, 9,500) | 78,000 (45,500, 87,000) | 9.7 (6.3,16.7) |
| Wales | 20.1 (17.2,23.0) | NK | NK | NK |
| East and South East Asia | ||||
| Brunei Darussalam | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Cambodia | NK | NK | 257,000 (147,000, 272,000) | NK |
| China | 32.3 (20.8,44.3) | 828,000 (493,000, 1,228,500) | 9,795,000 (6,675,000, 10,832,000) | 8.5 (4.6,14.3) |
| Indonesia | 66.9 (62.2,71.5) | 127,500 (103,000, 153,000) | 1,289,000 (443,000, 2,046,000) | 9.9 (5.5,24.9) |
| Japan | 48.6 (40.8,56.3) | 179,000 (130,500, 234,500) | 857,000 (364,000, 1,024,000) | 20.9 (11.7,46.5) |
| Lao PDR | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Malaysia | 50.3 (46.2,54.5) | 142,000 (116,000, 169,500) | 382,000 (240,000, 405,000) | 37.1 (25.2,59.2) |
| Mongolia | NK | NK | 194,000 (131,000, 237,000) | NK |
| Myanmar | 22.2 (19.9,24.5) | 38,500 (25,500, 53,000) | NK | NG |
| North Korea | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Philippines | 26.4 (12.8,41.6) | 6,500 (3,000, 11,500) | 614,000 (353,000, 651,000) | 1.1 (0.4,2.3) |
| Republic of Korea | 36.3 (31.7,41.0) | NK | 231,000 (148,000, 261,000) | NK |
| Singapore | 31.9 (28.9,35.0) | NK | NK | NK |
| Taiwan | 68.2 (64.4,72.0) | NK | 489,000 (310,000, 877,000) | NK |
| Thailand | 66.4 (60.6,71.9) | 34,000 (12,500, 60,000) | 463,000 (255,000, 487,000) | 7.4 (2.6,16.1) |
| Timor Leste | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Viet Nam | 43.8 (31.8,55.7) | 70,500 (47,000, 98,000) | 1,066,000 (580,000, 1,116,000) | 6.6 (3.7,12.5) |
| South Asia | ||||
| Afghanistan | 28.4 (20.7,36.3) | 39,500 (23,000, 60,000) | 183,000 (85,000, 258,000) | 21.5 (10.5,46.9) |
| Bangladesh | 25.4 (16.9,34.4) | 17,500 (11,500, 24,000) | NK | NG |
| Bhutan | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| India | 30.0 (25.2,34.9) | 59,000 (38,000, 84,000) | 6,245,000 (4,748,000, 10,957,000) | 0.9 (0.4,3.0) |
| Iran | 33.1 (21.4,45.2) | 52,000 (29,500, 81,000) | 199,000 (129,000, 226,000) | 26.2 (13.2,47.0) |
| Maldives | 0.5 (0.0,1.4) | <500 (<500,<500) | NK | NG |
| Nepal | 33.4 (23.1,43.8) | 12,000 (8,000, 15,500) | NK | NG |
| Pakistan | 27.4 (0.0,60.6) | 116,000 (<500, 173,500) | 7,172,000 (5,363,000, 7,487,000) | 1.6 (0.7,3.6) |
| Sri Lanka | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Central Asia | ||||
| Kazakhstan | 44.1 (39.8,48.4) | 49,500 (30,000, 71,500) | 508,000 (334,000, 572,000) | 9.8 (5.4,16.7) |
| Kyrgyzstan | 32.9 (29.9,36.0) | 9,500 (5,500, 13,500) | NK | NG |
| Tajikistan | 46.0 (41.9,50.2) | 11,000 (6,500, 15,500) | NK | NG |
| Turkmenistan | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Uzbekistan | 38.8 (34.7,43.0) | 36,500 (22,500, 53,000) | 1,292,000 (902,000, 1,524,000) | 2.8 (1.6,4.6) |
| Caribbean | ||||
| Antigua & Barbuda | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Bahamas | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Barbados | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Bermuda | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Comm. of Puerto Rico | 58.8 (53.9,63.7) | 16,500 (10,000, 24,000) | 35,500 (23,000, 60,500) | 46.6 (22.1,100.0) |
| Cuba | -- | -- | 35,000 (13,500, 77,000) | -- |
| Dominica | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Dominican Republic | NK | NK | 68,000 (41,500, 108,000) | NK |
| Grenada | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Haiti | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Jamaica | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Saint Kitts & Nevis | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Saint Lucia | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| St Vincent & the Grenadines | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Trinidad & Tobago | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Latin America | ||||
| Argentina | 41.0 (37.5,44.4) | 33,000 (30,000, 36,000) | 326,000 (144,000, 490,000) | 10.1 (6.3,21.0) |
| Belize | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Bolivia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Brazil | 47.9 (44.3,51.5) | 461,000 (336,500, 596,500) | 1,787,000 (1,293,000, 1,896,000) | 25.8 (17.2,38.5) |
| Chile | NK | NK | 56,500 (31,000, 94,000) | NK |
| Colombia | 21.6 (19.3,24.0) | NK | 409,000 (272,000, 436,000) | NK |
| Costa Rica | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Ecuador | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| El Salvador | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Guatemala | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Guyana | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Honduras | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Mexico | 71.5 (67.3,75.5) | 107,500 (70,500, 149,000) | 532,000 (304,000, 557,000) | 20.2 (11.4,37.2) |
| Nicaragua | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Panama | NK | NK | 12,500 (7,500, 13,500) | NK |
| Paraguay | 7.4 (5.8,9.0) | NK | NK | NK |
| Peru | NK | NK | 167,000 (99,000, 182,000) | NK |
| Suriname | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Uruguay | 16.4 (14.1,18.9) | 1,000 (<500, 2,500) | NK | NG |
| Venezuela | NK | NK | 118,000 (58,500, 126,000) | NK |
| North America | ||||
| Canada | 52.9 (44.5,61.2) | 65,000 (50,000, 82,000) | 212,000 (136,000, 246,000) | 30.7 (20.2,49.3) |
| United States | 39.8 (28.4,51.3) | 895,000 (353,500, 1,601,500) | 2,936,000 (2,231,000, 3,826,000) | 30.5 (10.9,58.9) |
| Pacific Island States & Terr. | ||||
| American Samoa | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Fed. States of Micronesia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Fiji | NK | NK | 500 (<500, 3,000) | NK |
| French Polynesia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Guam | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Kiribati | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Marshall Islands | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Nauru | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| New Caledonia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Northern Mariana Islands | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Palau | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Papua New Guinea | NK | NK | 94,500 (70,500, 328,000) | NK |
| Samoa | NK | NK | <500 (<500, <500) | NK |
| Solomon Islands | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Tonga | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Tuvalu | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Vanuatu | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Australasia | ||||
| Australia | 40.1 (36.9,43.5) | 37,500 (27,500, 48,500) | 230,000 (178,000, 244,000) | 16.2 (11.1,23.2) |
| New Zealand | 53.9 (46.8,61.1) | 12,000 (8,000, 16,500) | 48,500 (30,000, 62,500) | 25.0 (14.7,42.9) |
| Sub Saharan Africa | ||||
| Angola | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Benin | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Botswana | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Burkina Faso | NK | NK | 247,000 (189,000, 256,000) | NK |
| Burundi | NK | NK | 120,000 (93,000, 459,000) | NK |
| Cameroon | NK | NK | 164,000 (117,000, 184,000) | NK |
| Cape Verde | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Central African Republic | -- | -- | 15,500 (11,000, 17,500) | -- |
| Chad | NK | NK | 162,000 (111,000, 184,000) | NK |
| Comoros | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Congo (Kinshasa) | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Cote d’Ivoire | 1.3 (0.0,7.1) | <500 (<500, <500) | NK | NG |
| Djibouti | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Equatorial Guinea | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Eritrea | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Ethiopia | NK | NK | 647,000 (410,000, 726,000) | NK |
| Gabon | NK | NK | 124,000 (90,000, 129,000) | NK |
| Gambia | NK | NK | 17,000 (10,000, 27,000) | NK |
| Ghana | 30.1 (25.8,34.4) | NK | 399,000 (305,000, 944,000) | NK |
| Guinea | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Guinea-Bissau | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Kenya | 12.3 (7.4,17.7) | 4,000 (1,000, 7,500) | 115,000 (42,500, 126,000) | 3.3 (0.7,5.2) |
| Lesotho | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Liberia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Madagascar | 4.2 (1.8,7.0) | 500 (<500, 3,000) | 56,000 (39,000, 81,000) | 1.2 (0.0,5.1) |
| Malawi | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Mali | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Mauritania | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Mauritius | 72.8 (68.8,76.7) | 5,000 (1,500, 9,500) | NK | NG |
| Mozambique | 50.3 (46.2,54.4) | 14,500 (<500, 31,000) | NK | NG |
| Namibia | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Niger | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Nigeria | 4.3 (2.1,6.8) | NK | 2,553,000 (1,902,000, 2,651,000) | NK |
| Rep. of the Congo | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Rwanda | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Sao Tome & Principe | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Senegal | 29.5 (22.9,36.3) | NK | NK | NK |
| Seychelles | 31.5 (27.2,36.0) | 500 (500, 500) | NK | NG |
| Sierra Leone | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Somalia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| South Africa | NK | NK | 356,000 (227,000, 441,000) | NK |
| Swaziland | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Togo | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Uganda | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| United Rep. of Tanzania | 20.8 (16.4,25.4) | 71,500 (41,000, 108,000) | NK | NG |
| Zambia | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Zimbabwe | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Middle East & North Africa | ||||
| Algeria | NK | NK | 388,000 (140,000, 674,000) | NK |
| Bahrain | NK | NK | 17,000 (11,000, 17,500) | NK |
| Cyprus | 37.3 (32.9,41.8) | <500 (<500, <500) | NK | NG |
| Egypt | 37.1 (26.7,47.5) | NK | 5,625,000 (4,007,000, 6,044,000) | NK |
| Iraq | NK | NK | 85,500 (60,500, 96,500) | NK |
| Israel | 34.0 (28.3,39.9) | NK | 100,000 (60,000, 103,000) | NK |
| Jordan | NK | NK | 24,500 (10,500, 29,000) | NK |
| Kuwait | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Lebanon | 17.6 (10.5,25.2) | NK | 7,500 (3,000, 18,000) | NK |
| Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 70.9 (66.4,75.2) | 1,500 (500, 2,000) | 41,500 (32,000, 43,000) | 3.3 (1.7,5.5) |
| Morocco | 40.4 (25.4,55.8) | 12,500 (5,500, 21,000) | 263,000 (190,000, 328,000) | 4.7 (1.9,8.5) |
| Occ. Palestinian Terr. | 31.2 (26.3,36.2) | NK | NK | NK |
| Oman | NK | NK | 15,500 (12,000, 17,500) | NK |
| Qatar | NK | NK | 37,500 (29,500, 40,000) | NK |
| Saudi Arabia | 58.3 (53.7,63.0) | NK | 106,000 (78,500, 190,000) | NK |
| South Sudan | -- | -- | NK | -- |
| Sudan | NK | NK | NK | NK |
| Syrian Arab Rep. | 2.5 (0.9,4.3) | NK | 554,000 (245,000, 653,000) | NK |
| Tunisia | 21.8 (19.0,24.7) | NK | 108,000 (25,000, 123,000) | NK |
| Turkey | 33.7 (30.7,36.7) | NK | 492,000 (271,000, 763,000) | NK |
| United Arab Emirates | NK | NK | 131,000 (50,000, 159,000) | NK |
| Yemen | NK | NK | 211,000 (143,000, 258,000) | NK |
Notes:
-- Indicates no evidence located that injecting drug use was occurring in this country.
NK Indicates no estimate of prevalence of that HCV was located, yet evidence of injecting drug use occurring in that country was identified.
NR indicates that uncertainty was not estimated around the estimate.
NG Indicates that no estimate of HCV amongst the general population was available.
Italic font indicates that those uncertainty intervals were estimated in this review.
PWID – people who inject drugs; HCV – Hepatitis C virus; UI - uncertainty interval (see methods for details of estimation).