Table 4. Regression analysis of factors affecting hypertension knowledge in Ward 14, Gwanda district community-based action research project on hypertension, May 2017.
|
Factor |
Hypertension knowledge |
OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| good (n = 196) | poor (n = 108) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 125 | 71 | Ref |
| Male | 71 | 37 | 1.09 (0.67–1.78) |
| Religion | |||
| Apostolic | 6 | 1 | 3.23 (0.38–27.28) |
| African religion | 20 | 17 | 0.63 (0.32–1.27) |
| Christianity | 167 | 90 | Ref |
| Muslim/other | 3 | 0 | - |
| Level of education (n = 303) | |||
| None | 13 | 20 | Ref |
| Primary | 71 | 51 | 2.14 (0.98–4.70) |
| Secondary | 67 | 28 | 3.68 (1.61–8.41) ** |
| Tertiary | 44 | 9 | 7.52 (2.76–20.46) *** |
| Job description (n = 144) | |||
| Skilled | 45 | 11 | Ref |
| Unskilled | 59 | 29 | 0.50 (0.22–1.10) |
| Adding salt on table | 110 | 69 | 0.72 (0.45–1.17) |
| Family history of hypertension | 133 | 71 | 1.10 (0.69–1.81) |
| Family history of hypertension complications | 78 | 38 | 1.11 (0.68–1.83) |
| Belief in blood pressure pills | 187 | 98 | 2.12 (0.83–5.39) |
| Belief in herbal remedies | 86 | 67 | 0.47 (0.29–0.76) ** |
| Agree to using African medicines | 18 | 26 | 0.32 (0.17–0.61) ** |
| Source of knowledge on high blood pressure | |||
| Local clinic nurse | 107 | 65 | 0.51 (0.25–1.02) |
| Village health worker | 18 | 17 | 0.33 (0.13–0.81) * |
| Public hospital | 42 | 13 | Ref |
| Private doctor | 29 | 4 | 2.24 (0.66–7.57) |
| Other | 0 | 9 | - |
| How do you currently control your blood pressure? | |||
| Blood pressure tablets | 176 | 84 | Ref |
| Traditional medicines | 10 | 17 | 0.28 (0.12–0.64) * |
| Prayer | 5 | 4 | 0.60 (0.16–2.28) |
| Other | 5 | 3 | 0.80 (0.19–3.41) |
| Taken medication regularly in the past 2 weeks (n = 250) | 152 | 78 | 0.89 (0.40–1.96) |
| Challenges with taking hypertensive treatment | 36 | 22 | 0.79 (0.43–1.45) |
| Place preferred being followed up for hypertension management | |||
| Local clinic | 107 | 52 | Ref |
| Public hospital | 33 | 15 | 1.07 (0.53–2.14) |
| Private doctor | 36 | 16 | 1.35 (0.66–2.75) |
| My home | 5 | 8 | 0.30 (0.09–0.97) * |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 0.24 (0.02–2.74) |
| Not stated | 14 | 18 | 0.38 (0.17–0.82) * |
| Last blood pressure check | |||
| < 1 month ago | 109 | 43 | Ref |
| 2–4 months ago | 37 | 26 | 0.56 (0.30–1.04) |
| > 4 months ago | 37 | 21 | 0.70 (0.37–1.32) |
| Missing | 13 | 18 | 0.28 (0.13–0.63) * |
| Blood pressure controlled | |||
| Yes | 135 | 61 | Ref |
| No | 24 | 8 | 1.36 (0.58–3.19) |
| Don’t know | 25 | 21 | 0.54 (0.28–1.03) |
| Not stated | 12 | 18 | 0.30 (0.14–0.66) ** |
| Ever defaulted medication | 58 | 36 | 0.72(0.43–1.22) |
| Factor | Attitude | OR (95% CI) | |
| good(n = 266) | poor(n = 38) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 175 | 21 | Ref |
| Male | 91 | 17 | 0.64 (0.32–1.28) |
| Religion | |||
| Apostolic | 6 | 1 | 0.53 (0.06–4.65) |
| African religion | 21 | 16 | 0.12 (0.05–0.26) *** |
| Christianity | 236 | 21 | Ref |
| Muslim/other | 3 | 0 | - |
| Level of education (n = 303) | |||
| None | 24 | 9 | Ref |
| Primary | 108 | 14 | 2.89 (1.12–7.46) * |
| Secondary | 84 | 11 | 2.86 (1.06–7.71) * |
| Tertiary | 49 | 4 | 4.59 (1.28–16.44) * |
| Job description (n = 144) | |||
| Skilled | 51 | 5 | Ref |
| Unskilled | 75 | 13 | 0.57 (0.19–1.68) |
| Adding salt on table | 150 | 29 | 0.40 (0.18–0.88) * |
| Family history of hypertension | 176 | 28 | 0.70 (0.32–1.50) |
| Family history of hypertension complications | 102 | 14 | 1.07 (0.53–2.18) |
| Belief in blood pressure pills | 261 | 24 | 30.45 (10.10–91.79) *** |
| Source of knowledge on high blood pressure | |||
| Local clinic nurse | 159 | 13 | 1.17 (0.36–3.84) |
| Village health worker | 30 | 5 | 2.39 (0.96–5.95) |
| Public hospital | 46 | 9 | Ref |
| Private doctor | 30 | 3 | 1.96 (0.49–7.82) |
| Other | 1 | 8 | 0.02 (0.00–0.22) ** |
| Currently control your blood pressure | |||
| Blood pressure tablets | 244 | 16 | Ref |
| Traditional medicines | 9 | 18 | 0.03 (0.01–0.08) *** |
| Prayer | 9 | 0 | - |
| Other | 4 | 4 | 0.07 (0.01–0.29) *** |
| Taken medication regularly in the past 2 weeks | 216 | 14 | 7.41 (3.58–15.33) |
| Challenges with taking hypertensive treatment | 47 | 11 | 0.18 (0.07–0.48) ** |
| Last blood pressure check | |||
| < 1 month ago | 145 | 7 | Ref |
| 2–4 months ago | 60 | 3 | 0.97 (0.24–3.86) |
| > 4 months ago | 43 | 15 | 0.14 (0.05–0.36) *** |
| Missing | 18 | 13 | 0.07 (0.02–0.19) *** |
| Blood pressure controlled | |||
| Yes | 189 | 21 | Ref |
| No | 29 | 9 | 0.36 (0.09–1.46) |
| Don’t know | 31 | 6 | 0.08 (0.03–0.20) *** |
| Not stated | 17 | 2 | 0.05 (0.02–0.14) *** |
| Ever defaulted medication | 191 | 19 | 2.55 (1.28–5.08) ** |
| Factor | Practice | OR (95% CI) | |
| good(n = 131) | poor(n = 173) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 71 | 125 | Ref |
| Male | 60 | 48 | 2.20 (1.36–3.55) ** |
| Religion | |||
| Apostolic | 4 | 3 | 1.75 (0.38–8.00) |
| African religion | 15 | 22 | 0.90 (0.44–1.81) |
| Christianity | 111 | 146 | Ref |
| Muslim/other | 1 | 2 | 0.66 (0.06–7.35) |
| Level of education (n = 303) | |||
| None | 7 | 26 | Ref |
| Primary | 42 | 80 | 1.95 (0.78–4.87) |
| Secondary | 49 | 46 | 3.96 (1.57–9.99) ** |
| Tertiary | 32 | 21 | 5.66 (2.08–15.38) ** |
| Job description (n = 144) | |||
| Skilled | 37 | 19 | Ref |
| Unskilled | 37 | 51 | 0.37 (0.19–0.75) ** |
| Family history of hypertension | 99 | 105 | 2.00 (1.21–3.31) ** |
| Family history of hypertension complications | 58 | 58 | 1.59 (0.99–2.56) |
| Belief in blood pressure pills | 128 | 157 | 4.35 (1.24–15.25) |
| Belief in herbal remedies | 62 | 91 | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) |
| Agree to using African medicines | 14 | 30 | 0.57 (0.29–1.13) |
| Source of knowledge on high blood pressure | |||
| Local clinic nurse | 66 | 106 | 0.60 (0.33–1.11) |
| Village health worker | 15 | 20 | 0.72 (0.31–1.70) |
| Public hospital | 28 | 27 | Ref |
| Private doctor | 22 | 11 | 1.93 (0.79–4.73) |
| Other | 0 | 9 | - |
| Currently control your blood pressure | |||
| Blood pressure tablets | 127 | 133 | Ref |
| Traditional medicines | 3 | 24 | 0.13 (0.04–0.45) ** |
| Prayer | 0 | 9 | - |
| Other | 1 | 7 | 0.15 (0.02–1.23) |
| Taken medication regularly in the past 2 weeks | 122 | 108 | 8.16 (3.89–17.16) *** |
| Challenges with taking hypertension treatment (n = 252) | 22 | 36 | 0.56 (0.31–1.03) |
| Place preferred being followed up for hypertension management | |||
| Local clinic | 69 | 90 | Ref |
| Public hospital | 22 | 26 | 1.10 (0.58–2.11) |
| Private doctor | 35 | 14 | 3.26 (1.63–6.53) ** |
| My home | 2 | 11 | 0.24 (0.05–1.11) |
| Other | 0 | 3 | - |
| Not stated | 3 | 29 | 0.13 (0.04–0.46) ** |
| Last blood pressure check | |||
| < 1 month ago | 86 | 66 | Ref |
| 2–4 months ago | 33 | 30 | 0.84 (0.47–1.52) |
| > 4 months ago | 9 | 49 | 0.14 (0.06–0.31) *** |
| Missing | 3 | 28 | 0.08 (0.02–0.28) *** |
| Blood pressure controlled | |||
| Yes | 110 | 86 | Ref |
| No | 12 | 20 | 0.47 (0.22–1.01) |
| Don’t know | 6 | 40 | 0.12 (0.05–0.29) *** |
| Not stated | 3 | 27 | 0.09 (0.03–0.30) *** |
| Ever defaulted medication (n = 272) | 40 | 54 | 0.76 (0.46–1.25) |
Key:
*Significant at α = 0.05
**Significant at α = 0.01
***Significant at α = 0.001
Ref = Reference against which other categories were measured against