Figure 1.

Placement of hook needle and hook-wire electrodes for electrical stimulation and electromyography in the porcine gastrointestinal tract. After laparotomy, hook needle and hook-wire electrodes were applied in the prepyloric segment of the stomach, postpyloric duodenum, distal duodenum, middle parts of the jejunum, terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending colon in a fully standardized manner. For electrical stimulation only hook needle electrodes were used. Electromyography was recorded with both hook needle and hook-wire electrodes.