. 2019 Jul 30;25(3):461–470. doi: 10.5056/jnm19045

Table 3.

Available Studies With Electrical Stimulation of Multiple Gastrointestinal Segments

Author, Year	Journal	Electrical stimulation	Analyzed gastrointestinal segments	Analysis method	Observed time interval	Model
Sun et al,¹¹ 2009	Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol	GES, DES, CES	Stomach, Duodenum, Colon	EMG Slow Waves	Minutes	Dog, chronic
Xu et al,¹² 2010	Dig Dis Sci	GES, DES, IES, CES	Stomach	Manometry	Minutes	Dog, chronic
Agrawal et al,¹³ 2016	Dig Dis Sci	GES, SES	Stomach, Colon	Questionnaire	Weeks	Human, chronic
Schiemer et al,¹⁴ 2019	Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering	GES, DES, JES, IES, CES	Stomach, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Colon	EMG Spikes	Minutes	Pig, acute

GES, gastric electrical stimulation; DES, duodenal electrical stimulation; CES, colonic electrical stimulation; IES, ileal electrical stimulation; SES, sacral electrical stimulation; JES, jejunal electrical stimulation; EMG, electromyography.

Previously published studies with electrical stimulation (ES) of multiple segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are provided and may be compared to our current study. To the best of our knowledge we present the first study with ES of 5 GI parts: stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. Furthermore there is no previous study available with smooth muscle EMG of these 5 GI segments.