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. 2019 Jul 30;25(3):442–460. doi: 10.5056/jnm19014

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Cold-induced pronociception involves capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferents. (A) The visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) after intra-antral infusion of warm (37°C) saline (0.5 mL) in rats (n = 6). (B–D) Effect of intra-antral infusion of saline at 0°C, 4°C or 8°C on the VMR to CRD (n = 6). (E) Effect of perivagal application of capsaicin on VMR to CRD in rats (n = 6). (F, G) Effect of intra-antral infusion of saline at 0°C on the VMR magnitude in rats previously subjected to perivagal application of vehicle or capsaicin (n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of VMR expressed as % of 60 mmHg response in the baseline set of CRD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test comparisons).