Table 3.

Embryonal tumor characteristics and operative outcomes for all TV <100 mL at time of resection.

	n	MIS n = 24	Open n = 68	Combined n = 92	P value
Stage
Stage I/II	86	68% (13)	39% (26)	45% (39)	.022
Stage III/IV		32% (6)	61% (41)	55% (47)
COG risk group
Low	85	57% (12)	38% (24)	42% (36)	.286
Intermediate		(3)	22% (14)	20% (17)
High		29% (6)	41% (26)	38% (32)
TV at diagnosis (mL)	91	26.3 [4.2, 57.8]	91.1 [17.6, 352.4]	52.3 [16.7, 279.4]	.007
TV at time of resection (mL)	92	16.9 [3.1, 42.1]	24.3 [10.4, 42.1]	23.7 [9.3, 42.1]	.184
Upfront	41	24.7 [2.3, 46.8]	17.7 [11.5, 37.5]	17.8 [6.3, 44.4]	*
After neoadjuvant	51	10.3 [5.5, 29.1]	26.4 [10.2, 42.4]	24.6 [9.6, 41.8]
Fold reduction in TV after neoadjuvant chemotherapy	50	7.7 [3.7, 10.4]	9.1 [4.4, 20.5]	8.3 [4.2, 19.9]	.412
IDRF at diagnosis (NBL only)
0 IDRF	59	74% (14)	38% (15)	49% (29)	.009
1 + IDRF		26% (5)	63% (25)	51% (30)
IDRF at resection (NBL only)
0 IDRF	60	95% (18)	56% (23)	68% (41)	.003
1 + IDRF		(1)	44% (18)	32% (19)
Operating time (min)	81	161.5 [110, 240]	250 [176, 373]	234 [156, 330]	.002
Estimated blood loss (ml)	81	10 [10, 35]	100 [30, 240]	70 [10, 175]	< .001
Margin status
Negative	79	44% (8)	57% (35)	54% (43)	.333
Positive		56% (10)	43% (26)	46% (36)
Lymph nodes dissected	51	1 [0, 3]	2 [1, 5.5]	2 [0, 5]	.070
Duration of hospitalization (days)	92	2 [1,3]	4 [3, 5.5]	4 [2.5, 5]	< .001
Time to next chemo (days)	58	12.5 [7.5, 19.5]	19.5 [14, 26]	18.5 [14, 25]	.051
Residual TV (NBL only)
≥98% resection	55	94% (16)	68% (26)	76% (42)	.038
≤98% resection		(1)	32% (12)	24% (13)
Relapse at 5 years
No	58	85% (11)	69% (31)	72% (42)	.264
Yes		(2)	31% (14)	28% (16)
Survival at 5 years
Alive	56	100% (12)	75% (33)	80% (45)	.053
Dead		(0)	25% (11)	20% (11)

^*TV at resection for MIS by neoadjuvant status (upfront versus after neoadjuvant): P = .721. TV at resection for open by neoadjuvant status: P = .900.

MIS, minimally invasive surgery; TV, tumor volume; IDRF, image-defined risk factors; NBL, neuroblastic tumors.